Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 5 biggest allergies in kids?
|
1. Peanut
2. Egg 3. Milk 4. Wheat 5. Soy |
|
|
What are the 2 types of adverse food reactions?
|
1. Food intolerance
2. Food Allergy |
|
|
What are the 2 types of food intolerance?
|
1. Food characteristics
2. Host characteristics |
|
|
What are the 3 types of food allergies?
|
1. IgE mediated
2. Mixed 3. Non IgE mediated |
|
|
What is the primary presentation of IgE mediated symptoms?
|
Cutaneous reactions (hives, swollen lips, etc)
|
|
|
Is the presence of hives required for someone to have an allergic reaction?
|
NO
|
|
|
What is the treatment for an allergic reaction?
|
Epinephrine and go to ED
|
|
|
What are the alpha adrenergic properties of epinephrine?
|
Vasoconstriction, increased BP, decreased capillary leak
|
|
|
What are the beta adrenergic properties of epinephrine?
|
Relax bronchial smooth muscle, increased HR, increase cardiac contractility
|
|
|
What is the overall pathogenesis of IgE anaphylaxis?
|
Allergen enters via GI tract
Th2 cell activated, activates IgE B cell and eosinophils IgE antibodies activate mast cell to release mediators causing anaphylaxis symptoms |
|
|
What are the 3 initial responses in anaphylaxis?
|
1. Vasodilation
2. Vascular Leakage 3. Smooth muscle spasm |
|
|
To develop an allergy, must you see the allergen at one point?
|
YES
|
|
|
To see allergen (to devo allergy), must allergen be sensitized from eating?
|
NO (could be breast milk, moisturizers, etc)
|
|
|
What is oral tolerance?
|
State of active inhibition of immune responses to an antigen by means of prior exposure to that antigen thru the oral route
|
|
|
What is the larges immunologic organ in the body?
|
GI tract
|
|
|
can antigens be made safe by cooking or thermal/chemical denaturation?
|
Yes, sometimes
|
|
|
What prevents the passage of macromolecules between cells?
|
Junctional complexes
|
|
|
What inhibits the absorption of antigens?
|
Mucus and secretory IgA
|
|
|
Normally, presentation of antigen by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to what?
|
Inactivation or suppression of immune response
|
|
|
What is the potent APC found in the intestinal lamina propria, peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph node?
|
Dendritic Cells (DC's)
|
|
|
What is the function of dendritic cells?
|
Send dendrites into lumen and sample antigen directly
|
|
|
Which cells play a PIVOTAL role in directing balance between tolerance and active immunity?
|
T cells
|
|
|
DC interaction can also induce the differentiation of what cells?
|
Tr1 cells
TGF-B secreting cells T reg cells |
|
|
What is low dose tolerance?
|
Tolerance via repeated lower doses which activates TREG cells
|
|
|
What is high dose tolerance?
|
Tolerance via single high dose which leads to lymphocyte DELETION or ANERGY
|
|
|
High dose deletion can be blocked by what?
|
Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12
|
|
|
What causes hypersensitivity?
|
failure to develop, or a breakdown in, oral tolerance
|
|
|
What happens at the cellular level in hypersensitivity?
|
1. B cells produce food specific IgE antibodies
2. Cross linkage upon exposure 3. Causes release of primary and secondary mediators 4. Anaphylaxis |
|
|
What is sensitization?
|
Development of oral tolerance later on
|
|
|
What % of kids in the US have a food allergy?
|
4-6%
|
|
|
What is looked at in the lab to determine if someone is undergoing an allergic reaction?
|
Tryptase levels, NOT histamine
|
|
|
True/False, one must have hives in an IgE mediated reaction?
|
FALSE
|
|
|
What are the 3 most common foods that cause allergic reactions in the US?
|
Nuts, egg, shellfish
|
