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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Total Dependency Ratio |
The combined ratio of children and older people to workers |
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Sex Ratio |
The ratio of males to females |
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Child Dependency Ratio |
The # of persons younger than 18 relative to those of working age |
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Elderly Dependency Ratio |
The # of persons aged 65 or older per 100 persons of working age |
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Migration |
The movement of people across borders |
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Population Pyramaid |
A bar chart that reflects the distribution of a population by age and sex |
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Demographic Transition |
The shift from high mortality and fertility to low mortality and fertility that causes population aging |
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Echo Boomers |
The generation of Americans born between 1977-1994 |
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Race Crossover |
Among the oldest old, the mortality rate for African Americans fall below that of whites |
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Population Aging |
Occurs when the proportion of older people relative to younger generations increases |
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Example: 65 years or older |
population aging |
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Determined by the # of males relative to females at birth and by different survival rates over the life course |
sex ratios |
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Life Span |
The longest # of years any member of species has been known to survive |
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Fertility Rate |
A measure of the incidence of births or the inflow of new lives into a population |
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Mortality Rate |
The incidence of death in a population |
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Age Structure |
The distribution of people across various age cohorts |
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Demography |
The study of the basic population processes of fertility, mortality, and migration |
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Baby Boomers |
The generation of Americans born between 1946-1964 |
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Kansas City Study of Adult Life |
Studies coupled with an emphasis on adjustment with measures of social role performance across the life span |
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Immediate Exchange Strategies |
Exchanges b/w individuals in goods and services at one point in time |
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Deferred Exchange Strategies |
Exchanges b/w individuals over the life course |
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Social constructionism |
View that human beings are active creators of their own reality |
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Critical Gerontology |
An approach that emphasizes how the forces of globalization affect policies and programs for the aged and the daily lives of older people |
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Age Cohort |
Refers to people who were born at the same time and thus share similar life experiences |
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Age Discrimination |
Negative behavior toward older people (Acts on the basis of stereotypes) |
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Stereotypes |
A composite of ideas and beliefs attributed to people as a group or social category |
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Generation |
A term applied to studies of family processes (kinship links) |
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Ageism |
A systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people b/c they are old |
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Cohort Effect |
A difference due to the experiences or characteristics of the particular cohort to which an individual belongs |
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Cohort Aging |
The continuous advancement of a cohort from one age category to another over its life span |
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Cohort |
The aggregate of individuals who experienced the same event within the same time interval |
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Frail Elderly |
Older people who depend on others for carrying out their daily activities |
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Somewhat Impaired Elderly |
People who are beginning to experience chronic ailments and need some assistance from family or community service agencies |
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Well Elderly |
People who are healthy and active, involved in social and leisure activities, often employed or busy with volunteer work, still carrying out family responsibilities, and fully engaged in the life of the community |
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Subjective Age Identity |
How people subjectively define their age (most important factors are activity level and health) |
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Functional Age |
A definition of age based on how people look and what they can do |
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Oldest-Old |
People 85 and up |
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Middle-Old |
People aged 75-84 |
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Young-Old |
People aged 65-74 |
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Chronological Age |
# of years a person has aged |
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Social Roles |
A set of expectations or guidelines for people who occupy a given position or status, such as widow, grandfather, or retiree |
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Social Gerontology |
The study of the social aspects of aging |
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Senescence |
The study of the biological process that cause mental and physical decline in old age |
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Gerontology |
The scientific study of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging (Originated in the late 19th century) |
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Successful Aging |
The attainment of peak physical and psychological functioning and participation in rewarding social activities |
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Empty Nest |
Period when a couple is alone together following the departure of children from the home |
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Age Timetables |
Informal rules, which specify age-appropriate roles and behavior |
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Social Clock |
The age norms that provide a prescriptive timetable, which orders major life events |
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Countertransitions |
Life course transitions produced by the role changes of others |
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Trajectory |
A series of transitions such as education, work, and retirement |
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Age Norms |
Informal rules that specify age-appropriate roles and behavior |
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Age Effect |
A difference due to chronological age or life course stage |
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Period Effect |
The impact of a historical event on the people who live through it |
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Transitions |
Refers to the shifts in roles that occur over the life course |
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Cross-Sectional Research |
Research comparing people of different age cohorts at a single point in time |
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Participant Observation |
A types of data collection used in qualitative research that allows the research to gain close knowledge of a group of people or a community |
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Life Course Framework |
An approach to the study of aging that combines the study of the changing age structure w/ the aging experiences of individuals |
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Age Grades |
Use of age as a social category to group people by status- the expectations for when the transition from one role to another should occur |
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Life Course |
The interaction b/w historical events, personal decisions, and individual opportunities (Experiences in early life affect subsequent outcomes) |
