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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dyspnea
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Difficulty breathing with no physical signs; may lead to anxiety or panic
Treat with low dose of morphine |
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Dyspnea management
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Morphine reduces tachypnea, overventilation; reduces cyanosis; DOES NOT reduce respirations when titrated properly
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Non pharmalogical treatment of dyspnea
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O2 may have placebo at 2L
HOB 30-45 Cool, humidified air Relaxation techniques Fan at bedside |
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Excess Secretions
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may result from fluid overload from artificial nutrition or inability to swallow; treat with scopolamine
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Nausea& Vomiting Causes
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Increase in sensory input
Meniere's/infection Uremia Peptic Ulcer Severe constipation/obstructino Delayed gastric emptying |
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Cerebral Cortex
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Overwhelming visual, sensory, or cognitive input
May control by lorazepam/dex |
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Vestibular apparatus
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inner ear, motion sickness, infection
Treat with hyoscine, cyclizine, meclizine |
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Chemoreceptor trigger zone
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*most common
triggered by uremia, hypercalcemia, chemo hyoscine patch, promethazine |
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GI tract
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stomach/peptic ulcers, severe constipation, bowel obstruction
delayed gastric emptying respond to haloperidol/metoclopramide |
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Opiod Addictino
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pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by continued craving for an opoid and the need to use the opoid for the effects other than pain relief
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Physical Dependence
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occurence of withdrawl sypmtoms when stopped or Narcan is given
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Tolerance
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decrease in one or more effects of the opoid (decreased analgesia, sedation, or respiratory depression) Disease progression not tolerance to analgesia is more commonS
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Step 1
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Mild 1-3 rec. acetaminophen, NSAIDs
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Step 2
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Moderate 4-6 low does, short acting in combo with acetaminophen and NSAIDs ; has ceiling effect
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Step 3
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Sever 7-10 only opoids no ceiling effect; may increae dose as disease progresses
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