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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which step of health behavior change includes an extended time period in which the negative aspects of behavior stay in the periphery of one's mind?
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Precontemplation
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What is included in the Contemplation step for behavior change?
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Ideas of change, examining the problem, considering cost and benefit, and can take a long time
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Preparation for health behavior change includes concrete steps to be taken within what time frame?
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1 month
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When does maintenance of health behavior change begin?
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6 months after action, lasts a lifetime
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What is the primary consideration of stochastic theories on aging?
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That aging events occur randomly and accumulate with time (accumulation of errors in the synthesis of cellular DNA)
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What are the three stochastic theories discussed in class?
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Wear and tear, Cross-linkage, and Free radical
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What is the primary argument about aging made by non-stochastic theories?
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That the changes of aging are a programmed and predetermined process
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What are the three non-stochastic theories discussed in class?
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Programmed aging, Gene theory, and Immunity theory
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Which sociological theory on aging proposes that there are socially and culturally constructed expectations of behavior at different stages of one's life?
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Role theory
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Which theory proposes that "productivity equals happiness?"
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Activity theory
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What does the continuity theory suggest?
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That an individual tends to develop and maintain a consistent pattern of behavior as he/she matures.
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What theory viewed the withdrawal of elders from their roles and activities as necessary in order to transfer power to younger generations?
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Disengagement
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What did Carl Jung suggest regarding aging?
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That individuals move from being extroverted early in life, to being introverted later in life
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Who proposed the hierarchy of needs?
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Maslow
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The avoidance of stress would be consistent with which biological theories of aging?
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immunity and free radical
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What are the Fulmer SPICES assessments?
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-sleep disorders
-problems eating -incontinence -confusion -evidence of falls -skin breakdown |
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What does the Katz index measure?
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points assigned for ADLs
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What might be the first sign of any physiological disturbance?
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Impaired mental status
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How much does GFR drop by the time a person is 75 years old?
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up to 50% reduction
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What are age-related changes to muscles called, and which type of muscle is most affected?
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Sarcopenia, skeletal muscles
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What alteration occurs in the body composition of older adults?
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Decrease in lean body mass and decrease in body water --> decreased body density
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Why is there a greater risk for hypo/hyperthermia in older adults?
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decreased shivering, slowed metabolism, slowed vasomotor response, diminished sweating, decreased perception of heat and cold
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How many adults older than 65 are affected by hypothyroidism?
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10% of women, 3% of men
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How does hypothyroidism manifest?
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confusion, falls, lethargy, decreased CO, anemia, constipation
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What is the accumulation of hydrophilic mucopolysaccharides in the dermis and other tissues known as?
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Myxedema
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How does myxedema manifest?
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puffiness, periorbital edema, masklike affect
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What can precipitate a myxedema coma?
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infection, certain drugs (opioids, tranquilizers, barbituates), exposure to cold, trauma
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What characterizes myxedema?
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subnormal temp, hypotension, and hypoventilation
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What is monitored most closely in a patient on synthroid?
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angina and cardiac dysrhythmias
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What is the most common form of hyperthyroidism?
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Graves' disease (autoimmune disease of unk origin)
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What are precipitating factors for graves'?
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insufficient iodine, infection, stressful life events
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What are manifestations of Graves'?
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incr metabolism, incr tissue sensitivity to stimulation by SNS, bruit over thyroid gland, Systolic hypertension, incr CO, hypertrophy of cardiac muscle, A-fib, incr appetite, thirst, weight loss, diarrhea, organomegaly, warm, smooth, moist skin, thin, brittle nails, hair loss, clubbing, diaphoresis, vitiglio, tremors, insomnia, concentration, incr basal temp
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What are treatments for Graves?
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antithyroid meds, radioactive iodine therapy, subtotal thyroidectomy
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What is a desirable hemoglobin A1c level for diabetic management?
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Less than 7%
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What are some of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome?
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elevated insulin levels, triglycerides, LDLs, lowered HDLs, hypertension
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What are the microvascular complications of DM?
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retinopathy, neuropathy
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What is the cause of xerostomia?
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salivary malfunction
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