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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Imperative
Singular Familiar |
take stem add optional e
examples: lernen-> lern(e) fahren-> fahr(e) |
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Imperative (Sing. Familiar)
Exceptions |
if it ends with t or d, there is a mandatory e
example: warten-> warte |
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Imperative (Sing. Familiar)
Exceptions II |
if it is stem changing, there is no e at the end
examples: geben-> gib lesen-> lies EXCEPT for sehen-> sieh(e) |
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Imperative (Sing. Familiar)
Exceptions III: To be |
to be
sein-> sei |
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Imperative
Plural Familiar |
stem + t
examples: lernen-> lernt warten-> wartet geben-> gebt nehmen-> nehmt sehen-> seht |
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Imperative (Plural Familiar)
Exception: To be |
to be
sein-> seid |
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Imperative
Formal |
infinitive + Sie
exception: sein-> seien Sie |
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Time Phrases
A. Action stopped before moment of speaking |
Present Perfect:
Ich habe (noch) lange gewartet trans: I waited... |
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Time Phrases
B. Action stops at moment of speaking |
Present Perfect + schon:
Ich habe schon lange gewartet or: seit (takes dative) or: schon seit trans: I have been waiting... |
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Time Phrases
C. Action still going on at moment of speaking |
Present + schon:
Ich warte schon lange trans: I have been waiting... |
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Time Phrases
D. Action will end in the future |
Present
Ich warte (noch) lange trans: I am going to be waiting.... |
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Definite time takes what case?
(duration/when something takes place) |
Accusative
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Indefinite time takes what case?
(ex. one day...) |
Genetive
ex. eines tages |
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Subjunctive II
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würde + infinitve
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Nicht Comes Before 2nd Verb
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predicate adjectives: gut
predicate nouns: (Sie ist) Arztin wohin comp.: (gehen) nach NY wo comp.: (Sie wohnt) in NY seperable prefixes: (er geht) aus past part.: (er hat uns) besucht |
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Word Order Rules
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pronouns before nouns
increasing news value TMP (time manner place) NAD (nom, dat, acc) |
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Word Order Rules II
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pronouns position fixed at BEGINNING
ein/plural nouns position fixed at END (eine Blume, Blumen, etc.) |
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Negating Schon
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noch nicht
noch kein Buch |
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Negating Noch
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nicht mehr
kein (Buch) mehr |
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Word Order
Hans gibt | seiner Freundin die Blumen |
dative precedes accusative here
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