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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Imperative

Singular Familiar
take stem add optional e
examples:
lernen-> lern(e)
fahren-> fahr(e)
Imperative (Sing. Familiar)

Exceptions
if it ends with t or d, there is a mandatory e
example:
warten-> warte
Imperative (Sing. Familiar)

Exceptions II
if it is stem changing, there is no e at the end
examples:
geben-> gib
lesen-> lies
EXCEPT for sehen-> sieh(e)
Imperative (Sing. Familiar)

Exceptions III: To be
to be
sein-> sei
Imperative

Plural Familiar
stem + t
examples:
lernen-> lernt
warten-> wartet
geben-> gebt
nehmen-> nehmt
sehen-> seht
Imperative (Plural Familiar)

Exception: To be
to be
sein-> seid
Imperative

Formal
infinitive + Sie
exception:
sein-> seien Sie
Time Phrases

A. Action stopped before moment of speaking
Present Perfect:
Ich habe (noch) lange gewartet
trans: I waited...
Time Phrases

B. Action stops at moment of speaking
Present Perfect + schon:
Ich habe schon lange gewartet
or: seit (takes dative)
or: schon seit
trans: I have been waiting...
Time Phrases

C. Action still going on at moment of speaking
Present + schon:
Ich warte schon lange
trans: I have been waiting...
Time Phrases

D. Action will end in the future
Present
Ich warte (noch) lange
trans: I am going to be waiting....
Definite time takes what case?
(duration/when something takes place)
Accusative
Indefinite time takes what case?
(ex. one day...)
Genetive
ex. eines tages
Subjunctive II
würde + infinitve
Nicht Comes Before 2nd Verb
predicate adjectives: gut
predicate nouns: (Sie ist) Arztin
wohin comp.: (gehen) nach NY
wo comp.: (Sie wohnt) in NY
seperable prefixes: (er geht) aus
past part.: (er hat uns) besucht
Word Order Rules
pronouns before nouns
increasing news value
TMP (time manner place)
NAD (nom, dat, acc)
Word Order Rules II
pronouns position fixed at BEGINNING

ein/plural nouns position fixed at END (eine Blume, Blumen, etc.)
Negating Schon
noch nicht

noch kein Buch
Negating Noch
nicht mehr

kein (Buch) mehr
Word Order

Hans gibt | seiner Freundin die Blumen
dative precedes accusative here