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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some common S/S found in anemia?
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-sore mouth
-fatigue -H/A -tinnitus -angina -SOB -DOE -constipation -diarrhea -increased vulnerability to infections |
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Tell me about the general, skin and eyes in anemia.
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-general-weight loss and fever
-skin-pale, jaundice, petechiae -eyes-pale conjunctiva, scleral icterus |
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Tell me about the mouth and tongue seen in anemia.
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-mouth-cheilosis, glossitis, pale mucous membranes
-Tongues-smooth and red in B12 def., angular stomatitis or atrophy in rion def. anemia |
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Tell me about the cardiac and lungs seen in anemia/
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-cardiac-tachy at rest, midsystolic or holosystolic murmur
-lungs-tachypnea, rales (in CHF) |
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Tell me about the abdomen, rectal, and extremities seen in anemia.
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-Abd-hepatomegaly, tender enlarge spleen
-rectal-positive guiac or melana -ext-spoon shaped, brittle nails, palmar creases |
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Tell me about the neck and MSK seen in anemia.
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-Neck-masses or enlarged lymph nodes
-MSK-bone pain tenderness |
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Tell me about the neuro seen in anemia.
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-listlessness
-irritability -inability to concentrate -confusion -decreased vibratory sense -poor finger coordination -hyperactive or hypoactive reflexes -positive Rhomberg -ataxia |
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What are some dx tests done for anemia?
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-CBC
-MCV -Peripheral smear -Retic Count |
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Ferritin is increased in what?
Decreased? |
-increased in anemia of chronic disease, hemachromatosis, alcoholism and inflammatory disease
-decreased in iron def. anemia |
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Iron is decreased in what diseaeses?
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iron def anemia and chronic disease anemia
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Transferrin is increased in what and decreased in what?
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-increased in iron def. anemia
-decreased in malignancy or infection |
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TIBC is increased in what and decreased in what?
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-increased iron def. anemia
-decreased in anemia of chronic disease |
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Folate and B12 is low in what type of anemias?
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macrocytic anemias
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Methylmalonate is increased in what disease?
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increased in B12 def, but normal in folate def
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Homocystine levels are increased in what two deficiencies?
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Folate and B12
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What does Anti-instrinsic factor abs identify?
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pernicious anemia
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TSH is associated with pernicious anemia and is decreased in what?
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erythropoiesis
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LDH is increased in what disease?
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sickle cell
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Coombs test is to detect what?
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hemolytic anemia
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Why would you check liver enzymes?
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to detech hemolysis of RBCs
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Why would you do HgB electrophoresis?
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to ID hemoglobinopathies or thalassemias
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G6PD is associated with what type of anemias?
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hemolytic
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Erythropoitin levels are associated with what?
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renal disease
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How do you treat Fe def anemia?
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-find source and correct it
-FeSO4 300 mg one hour before meals -FeSO4 with vit. C to enhance absorption -Iron stores are replenished in 6 months -Do monthly eval for Hgb, Hct, and ferritin -IV if PO isn't tolerated |
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What things can cause normocytic anemias?
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-CRF
-chronic liver disease -endocrine disorders |
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What are some characteristics of normocytic anemias?
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-decreased reticulocyte count
-normal iron and TIBC -increased Ferritin |
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What are some tx options for normocytic anemias?
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-correct the disorder
-tx is supportive -erythropoietin -periodic transfusions |
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Aplastic anemia, Leukemia, and Myelodysplasia are all associated with what?
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white blood cell and platelet abnormalities along with anemia
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Hemolytic anemia occurs with what?
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other illnesses
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What is used to tx all pts with chronic hemolytic anemia?
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Folic acid
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What things strongly suggest hemolysis?
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abnormally shaped RBCs in assoc. with a sudden decrease in Hgb, hapatoglobin and INCREASED LDH and indirect bilirubin
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B12 def is associated with what?
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-pernicious anemia
-HCl acid def -gastrectomy -autoimmune disorders |
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What is the tx for B12 def?
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B12 1000mcg weekly for 8 weeks then monthly
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Folate def is related to what diseases?
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-hemolytic anemia
-meds -nutrional status -malabsorption |
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What is the tx for folate def?
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Folate 1mg daily
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