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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are changes in the cardiovascular system associated with normal aging?
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No alterations in systolic fxn, EF, SV or CO
HR is minimally reduced Altered cardiac responsiveness to B-adrenergic stimuli Blunted myocardial contractility and increases in HR Use of Frank-Starling mechanism Thyroid dysfxn, DM and borderline HTN result in impaired performance |
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What can the heart of an elderly be compared to?
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a young heart on BB
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What are changes in the dermatologic system associated with normal aging?
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Sagging of lateral aspects of the eyebrows
Wrinkling of the forehead Horizontal skin lines at the lateral canthus of the eye Sagging of the tip of the nose Hair loss and graying Perioral wrinkling Fat absorption of the buccal and temporal areas |
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What are changes in the microscopic dermatologic system associated with normal aging?
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Epidermal thinning
Degeneration of the elastic fibers providing dermal support Thickening of collagen fibers in the dermis Reduction in the numbers of sweat and sebaceous glands Diminished vascularity |
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What are changes kidney associated with normal aging?
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Creatinine clearance declines at a rate of 10mL per decade
Caution buse be used when prescribing meds w/ primary renal excretion |
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What are changes in the endocrinology system associated with normal aging?
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Postprandial blood glucose tolerance is impaired
Men- marked decrease in DHEA, prolonged refractory period Women- termination of sex hormone productions Men & women- reduced intensity of orgasms |
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What are changes in the GI system associated with normal aging?
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Mild decrease in stomach acid production
Colonic contractions are less effective Liver size and blood flow decreased CYP3A activity reduced Changes in drug metabolism |
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What are changes in the pulmonary system associated with normal aging?
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Decline in FEV and FVC
Increase in RV Reduced elasticity Decreased lung mass Chest wall stiffness Decreases in respiratory muscle strength Airway ciliary action and cough are less effective |
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What are changes in the MSK system associated with normal aging?
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Loss of muscle fibers
Decrease in muscle mass and bone mass OA associated w/ age |
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By what age do many adults have OA changes visible on x-ray?
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40 years old
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What are changes in the nervous system associated with normal aging?
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Decrease in brain mass, loss of neurons
Scattered neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques Slowing of central processing and reaction time Decrease in vibration sensation Increased core temperature required to start sweating |
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What are changes in the immune system associated with normal aging?
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Decreased response to vaccines
Decline in cell-mediated immunity Atrophy of the thymus gland Decreased production of antibodies to specific antigens by B cells |
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When does the ability of the lens to accommodate begin?
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early adulthood, eventually accommodation is lost
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What is the most common age related eye problem?
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Presbyopia
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When do most adults require reading glasses?
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40's
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By what age do all persons have great difficulty focusing on close objects w/o glasses?
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55
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What is the 3rd most common chronic conditions in older adults?
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Hearing loss
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What is the most common form of hearing loss in the elderly?
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Presbycusis (high frequency)
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How much is smell detection decreased in the elderly?
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50%
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What does decreased smell detection in the elderly lead to?
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Changes in taste
retains taste of sweetness, loss taste of saltiness |
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What are centenarians?
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Persons who have escaped major illness and are the best examples of successful aging
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Do older adults develop symptoms at an earlier or later stage of the disease process?
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Earlier
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What is one of the most frequent presenting symptoms of acute illness?
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change in mental status
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What is deconditioning?
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refers to the underuse and consequent loss of MSK strength and suppleness and of coordinated balancing and righting reflexes
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What two informal tests can be used to determine cognitive functioning?
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Clock drawing and set tests
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