Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 4 different cycles that keep us alive?
|
-atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
|
|
|
What is the troposphere? Describe it. What cycle is it in?
|
- atmosphere.
Thinnest layer, contains nitrogen/oxygen/greenhouse gases.Later we live in. |
|
|
What is the Stratosphere?
|
-atmosphere
Has the ozone gases. Second layer. right above Troposphere. |
|
|
What is the atmosphere?
|
a thin ballon of gases that surrond the Earth
|
|
|
What is the hydrosphere?
|
is all the water on the Earth surface. water vapor, ice, and everything. The earth is 97%
|
|
|
What is the geosphere?
|
The surface of the earth and the inside
|
|
|
What is the outer curst?
|
the thinnest part. What we live on. It is where we get our oil and refresh soil.
|
|
|
What is the mantle?
|
The large portion of the inner side of the Earth. It is made mostly of rock.
|
|
|
What is the core?
|
the hot inside of the Earth. It is melted iron.
|
|
|
What is the Biosphere
|
where life is found. On top of the crust.
|
|
|
What are the 3 factors that life depends on?
|
1. Energy from the sun.
2. Cycling of Nutrients 3. Gravity. |
|
|
Why is energy from the sun so important to life on Earth?
|
1. Greenhouses Gases- the sun heats the ozone which is what we rely on.
2. The sunlight starts the process for producing food. |
|
|
Why is the cycling of nutrients so important to life on Earth?
|
We have limited supplies of nutrients (law of conservation); must recycle it to sustain life.
|
|
|
Why is Gravity so important to life Earth?
|
Gravity holds the atmosphere. so we have life
|
|
|
There are two parts of the core. Name it and describe it.
|
Inner core: solid
Outer core: semi-solid that surronds the inner core |
|
|
What is the asthenosphere?
|
it is the upper mantle, its the most outer part of the mantle. It is a liquid that flows.
|
|
|
What is the lithosphere?
|
It is the combination of the curst and mante. Its the 100 km of the mantle.
|
|
|
What are the two types of the curst are there? describe them.
|
Continental- is the land, and continental shelves.
Oceanic- is the oceans crust. 71% of the crust is oceanic. |
|
|
What are convection cells?
|
Currents that are under the crust that switch between cooling and heating. They break up the lithosphere into tectonic plates.
|
|
|
What are tectonic plates? What happens when they move?
|
They are pieces of the crust that move around on top of the convection cells. When they move they create mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes.
|
|
|
What is subduction?
|
It's a type of plate to plate interaction. Subduction is when the continental plate goes over a oceanic plate. The new melted magma comes out of volcanoes .
|
|
|
What is divergent?
|
It's the plate interaction when the plates move apart. This creates ocean ridges.
|
|
|
What are ocean ridges? When do they occur?
|
They are higher mountains and lower crayons on the ocean plate. They are when the plates divergent.
|
|
|
What are trenches? When do they occur?
|
The are very deep cracks in the oceanic plates. They happen two plates collide
|
|
|
When are mountains created?
|
When two plates collide together.
|
|
|
What is the difference between magma and lava?
|
Both are made up of melted rock, but lava is magma that has reached the surface, while magma hot molten
|
|
|
What is a fissure? When do they occur?
|
A crack in the Earth that lava has come up. They occur mostly when plates subduct or move away from each other.
|
|
|
What is subduction?
|
It's a type of plate to plate interaction. Subduction is when the continental plate goes over a oceanic plate. The new melted magma comes out of volcanoes .
|
|
|
What are the positive and negative of volcanoes?
|
Pos- good soil, mountains and lakes are created.
Neg- destructive, harmful. |
|
|
What is divergent?
|
It's the plate interaction when the plates move apart. This creates ocean ridges.
|
|
|
What is Earth System? What is Earth Systems? What is the difference.
|
Earth is made up of Earth systems, which are atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere.
|
|
|
What are ocean ridges? When do they occur?
|
They are higher mountains and lower crayons on the ocean plate. They are when the plates divergent.
|
|
|
What are trenches? When do they occur?
|
The are very deep cracks in the oceanic plates. They happen two plates collide
|
|
|
When are mountains created?
|
When two plates collide together.
|
|
|
What is the difference between magma and lava?
|
Both are made up of melted rock, but lava is magma that has reached the surface, while magma hot molten
|
|
|
What are the positive and negative of volcanoes?
|
Pos- good soil, mountains and lakes are created.
Neg- destructive, harmful. |
|
|
What is Earth System? What is Earth Systems? What is the difference.
|
Earth is made up of Earth systems, which are atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere.
|
|
|
Why doesn't Mars not have life?
|
Because it has almost no gravity.
|
|
|
What is emergent properties?
|
Components working together as a whole.
|
|
|
What is positive and negative feedback?
|
Positive is when the system is going in the same direction.
Negative is when the system changes directions. |
|
|
Why is negative feedback better than positive feedback?
|
Negative counteract the positive so it keeps the cycle going.
|
|
|
What is the geology?
|
the study of the Earth's Crust and insides.
|
|
|
What happens when continental plates collide?
|
They create mountains.
|
|
|
What is a transform fault?
|
when two plates slide together.
|
|
|
What are seismic waves?
|
They are waves of energy that is release from built of tension of plates.
|
|
|
What is focus? What is the epicenter?
|
The focus is point where the tension is release. The epicenter is the point directly above the focus.
|
|
|
What is tsunami?
|
An earthquake that cause large waves.
|
|
|
Where does the rock cycle? What does it do?
|
In the Lithosphere, its always moving creating rocks.
|
|
|
What is Igneous rocks? How does it form?
|
It is cooled magma, which is the bulk of earth's crust.
|
|
|
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
|
Through intense heat, pressure, and stress changes sedimentary rocks to metamorphic; chemical changes.
|
|
|
What are sedimentary rocks? How are they form?
|
Sediments of old life and tiny rocks formed
|
|
|
What is the rocks cycle:
|
When magma is exposed to the surface, it is weathered (chemical and mechanical weathering) → Erosion- moves it from one place to another→ Transportation- moving it further that Erosion. → Deposition- being deposit, sits there. → Forms new Rocks, aka Sedimentary rocks.
|
|
|
What is weathering?
|
Mechanical- is outside forces the breakdown.
Chemical- changes interactions with other minerals. |
|
|
Why is the rock cycle so important?
|
It regenerates soil to recycle into nutrients.
|
|
|
What are minerals? What are rocks?
|
Minerals: Elements and inorganic compounds that are crystalline
Rocks: solid minerals. |
|
|
What is soil's equation? What is makes it different from other equations? What does each part mean?
|
S=f(P_m,C,R,B,T)
Pm- parents materials which is rocks and animals C- Climate: wet vs. dry. R- Relief- terrain/topography. Biota- what organisms are there. Time- soil changes over time. |
|
|
How does soil form?
|
Weathering
organic matter. dying organisms. Elevation- water moving things out of tops. Illuviation- accumulation below. |
|
|
Soil: renewable/ nonrenewable?
|
Renewable, but slow.
|
|
|
Why is soil alive?
|
Biotic components, water, air, and organic matter.
|
|
|
What has the best soils?
|
Grasslands.
|
|
|
What is the difference between weather and climate?
|
Weather is specific place and time, where climate is more of an overall weather pattern.
|
|
|
What causes weather to be different in different places?
|
Uneven heating of the earth: equator gets more direct sunlight than the poles because the Earth is a sphere.
Cell circulation: air is heated and cooled in cells Geography of the land: it affects how the water moves by evaporating and cooling. |
|
|
What are the 4 things the atmosphere controls/does?
|
- Climate
- Protects from UV - Moves elements/compounds around - Affects Humans |
|
|
What are the natural greenhouse gases?
What is the greenhouse gas effect? |
CO2, N20, CH4, CFCs, Water vapor.
Natural gases in the atmosphere that has a reaction |
|
|
What is the difference between greenhouse gases and global warming?
|
We are adding similar chemicals to greenhouse gases into the atmosphere that cause extra warming to the Earth.
|
|
|
How does the ozone protect us?
|
It uses solar formation and solar destruction, which are chemical reactions to protect the Earth from UV light.
|
|
|
What can happen if the Earth gets warming?
|
Ice caps will melt, more water and flooding, changes in weather pattern and shift in crops growth.
|
|
|
What does uneven heating of the Earth mean?
|
The Earth's sunlight hits the Earth at different parts and different times because of the slanted axis. The equator gets direct sunlight while the poles get angled light which cause a temperature different.
The seasonal change changes the amount of light because of the axis slant too. |
|
|
What is the Cell Circulation? How does air flow?
|
Moist air rises, cools, & releases moisture as rain.Then, the air falls. There are 6 cells.
|
|
|
What are ocean currents? How do they form? Why are they important?
|
Ocean currents are winds that move the water. They occur because of prevailing winds, and Earth's rotation. They help redistributes heat, which creates cold and warm water. They are important because of temperatures for us, and for fishermans need to know where the fish are.
|
|
|
What is an example of ocean currents?
|
El niño is a weather pattern that changes every few years. Our weather pattern is determined by it.
|
|
|
Why are cities hotter than rural?
|
Because of pollution and concerte.
|
|
|
What is the rain shadowing affect?
|
As moist air moves over, mountains, it cools producing rain, and behind the mountain it is dry air.
|
|
|
What is the ozone layer? What is the purpose?
|
It is in the stratosphere, and its highly concentrated of O3.
It's like a sunscreen. |
