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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obsequent
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A river flowing in direction opposite to dip, short
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Consequent
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A river flowing in direction of dip.
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Fault scarp
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Definite evidence of active or recent faulting. Looks like a step caused by slip on fault. Formed by scarp movement.
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Water gap
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A transverse cleft in a mountain ridge through which a stream flows.
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Horn
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A high mountain peak that forms when the walls of three or more cirques intersect.
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Wind gap
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A transverse cleft in a mountain ridge without a stream flowing through it
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Subsequent
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Stream ob and con streams flow into. Derived from selective headward erosion finding rocks of least resistance.
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Baseflow
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The groundwater contribution to runoff that comes from springs or seepage into a stream channel/groundwater contribution to stream flow. Groundwater outflow.
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Caldera
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A large crater forming from the collapse of a magma chamber following an eruption
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Flow duration curve
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A cumulative frequency curve. Shows percentage of time that specified discharges are equaled or exceeded. Plot of percent of time a given flow is equaled or exceeded. Summarizes “flashiness”
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Superimposed stream
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A stream whose geometry has been laid down on a rock structure and is not controlled by the structure. Structure initially buried and stream course develops independently. Erosion superposes river on structure.
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Rating curve
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Shows the relationship between depth and amount of flow in a channel.
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Terminal moraine
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A ridge of unconsoldiated debris that forms at the toe of a glaicer. Moraines form at ice m argin
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Cuesta
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An assymetrical ridge with one steep slope cutting across tilted layers, and one gentle slope parallel to tilting strata.
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Mesa
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A flat tableland with steep edges
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Butte
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A hill that rises abruptly from the surrounding region. Has a flat top and sloping sides.
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Oxbow
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A u-shaped lake formed by the cutting of a meander.
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Manning equation
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An equation relating the mean velocity of flow to channel characteristics
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Stratified drift
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Sand, gravel, silt and clay particles that were transported, sorted and deposited in layers of similar grain size by glacial meltwaters.
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Lahar
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A mudflow/landslide composed of pyroclastic material and water
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Ubehebe
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A crater from an explosive eruption with very little ash, no lake.
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Hydraulic radius
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area of a stream divided by the wetted perimeter
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Hogback
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A symmetrical ridge. The slope of one side cuts through tilted strata, the other slopes parallel to tilted strata.
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Tafoni
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Small cave like features found in sandstone, formed through alveolar weathering: water brings minerals to the surface, form crystals, force flakes off of rock. Common on undersides of rocks.
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Cirque
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A glacially eroded basin with steep walls found at the heads of apline glaciers
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Evapotranspiration
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The sum of plant transpiration and evaporation from earth’s land surface to atmosphere.
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Arete
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A sharp narrow ridge formed by erosive activity of alpine glaciers flowing in adjacent valleys
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Col
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A narrow ridge between cirques
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Pothole
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A pit or hole produced by weathering. A plastically molded form. Water or ice paste.
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Tarn
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A lake in a cirque
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Unit hydrograph
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A graph relating a unit of discharge to a unit of time. Discharge correcteed for watershed area (discharge/area) units of length vs. time. Used to compare watersheds of different size, also units directly correlate with units of rainfall.
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Surface stormflow
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Qs= Cp+Rs Cp=channel precipitation. Rs= overland flow (that which fails to infiltrate the surface.
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Drumlin
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An elongate hill formed in the interior of a glacier by till. Parallel to flow of the glacier. Forms under moving ice. Shape provides least resistance to flow. Form near glacial margin. Thin part points in direction of flow.
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Grus
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Desaggregated granite. A product of granite disintegration. A coarse angular mass of rock and mineral fragments. Feldspars are often unaffected by decomposition. Weathering of biotite to vermiculite expands by 40% forcing granite grains apart.
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B horizon
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Immediately below the a horizon. Contains deposits of organic matter leached from surface soils.
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Podzol
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A soil that develops in temperate to cold moist climates under coniferous or heath vegitation. Organic matter over a gray leached layer: spodic b horizon
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Laterite
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Forms in hot and wet tropical regions. Leached of soluble minerals. Rich in iron and aluminum oxides.
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