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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Observation
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Question or problem you want answered
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Hypothesis
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"Educated" guess for answer
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Prediction
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Testable observation
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Experiment
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Test
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Theory
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Hypothesis meets all possible test so far.
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Law
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Satisfies all tests
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Principle of Uniformitarianism
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The present is the key to the past. Things gradually happen over time. “Physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today have also operated in the geologic past”
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Catastrophism
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The belief that everything used to happen in sudden bursts
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Geologic Time
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Earth is 4.6 billion years old.
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Crust
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Crust ranges 2-40 miles thick. Thinnest at ocean ridges. Thickest at mountain ranges. Thinnest of all layers.
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Oceanic Crust
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Thin. 3-15 Kilometers thick. Density is 3 grams. Composed of basalt primarily. Max age 180 million years.
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Continental Crust
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Thick. Max 70 Kilometers thick. Density is 2.7 grams. Avg composition is like granite.
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Mantle
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Largest layer by volume. Thickest. 2900 Kilometers thick. Behaves like solid but can flow at slow rate.
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Lithosphere
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Composed of crust and very upper mantle. Hard rigid layer. 100 Kilometers thick. "Plates of plate tectonics"
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Asthenosphere
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Thicker layer of mantle. Extending down 660 kilometers. Soft and weak. Some melting.
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Core
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Densest of all layers. Density avg 11 grams. Mainly composed of iron and nickel. Outer core liquid. Inner core solid.
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Divergent Boundaries
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Plates are pulling apart and moving away from each other.
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Convergent Boundaries
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Two plates are pushing together.
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Subduction Zone
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Oceanic plate involved in convergent boundaries. Crust destroyed resulting in volcano. EXAMPLE: Cascade volcanic chain in Western US
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Transform Boundaries
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Crust is neither created or destroyed. Plates slide past each other. Usually occurs in oceanic plates. EXAMPLE: San Andreas fault.
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Igneous Rocks
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Form from cooling of a molten rock. Crystalline and dense. EXAMPLE: Granite and Basalt
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Metamorphic Rocks
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Form when one rock is altered into a new rock by heat and pressure. Occurs deep in the Earth. Have aligned crystals.
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Sedimentary Rocks
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Form from accumulation of broken pieces of other rocks.
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