Geology Test

Front 1

chemical bonding

Back 1

forming a compound by combining two or more elements

Front 2

ionic bonding

Back 2

atoms gain or lose outer electrons to form ions

Front 3

ionic compounds

Back 3

consist of an orderly arrangement of oppositely charged ions

Front 4

covalent bonding

Back 4

atoms share electrons to achieve electrical neutrality.

Front 5

Metallic bondding

Back 5

valence electrons are free to migrate among atoms.

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Isotope

Back 6

atom that exhibits variation in its mass numbers

Front 7

crystalline structure

Back 7

formed from minerals consisting of an orderly array of atoms chemically bonded

Front 8

polymorphs

Back 8

minerals with same composition but diff crystalline sturctures. such as diamond and grafite

Front 9

light silicates

Back 9

Freddy Quits Making Clay. Feldspar, Quartz, Muscovite, Clay

Front 10

dark silicates

Back 10

Olivia prays always. Olivine, Pyroxene, amphibole.

Front 11

feldspar

Back 11

most common mineral group, orthoclase, plagioclase

Front 12

quartz

Back 12

only common silicate composed entirely of oxygen and silicon. Hard and resistant to weathering, conchoidal fracture, often forms hexagonal crystals.

Front 13

muscovite

Back 13

common member of the mica family, excellent cleavage in one direction, produces the glimmering brilliance often seen in beach sand

Front 14

clay

Back 14

used to describe a variety of complex minerals, can have a sheet or layered structure, most originate as products of chemical weathering

Front 15

olivine

Back 15

high temperature Fe-Mg silicates, individual tetrahederal linked together by iron and magnesium ions, forms small, rounded crystals with no cleavage

Front 16

pyroxene group

Back 16

single chain structures involving iron and magnesium, two distinctive cleavages at nearly 90 degrees, augite is the most common mineral of this group

Front 17

amphibole

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double chain structures involving a variety of ions, two perfect cleavages exhibiting angles fo 124 and 56 degrees, hornblende is the most common mineral of this group.

Front 18

examples of perfect cleavage

Back 18

flourite, halite, and calcite

Front 19

oxygen

Back 19

most abundant element in continental crust

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grantic

Back 20

felsic, thicker, higher amount of silica

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basaltic

Back 21

mafic, thiner, lower amount of silica

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granite

Back 22

phanaritic

Front 23

rhyolite

Back 23

apaharitic

Front 24

obisidon

Back 24

glassy

Front 25

pumice

Back 25

glassy

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andesite

Back 26

aphantic

Front 27

diorite

Back 27

phanaritic

Front 28

basalt

Back 28

aphanitic

Front 29

gabbro

Back 29

phanitic

Front 30

shield volcano

Back 30

good, basaltic, broad,large, usually domed shaped. example- Mauna Loa

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cinder cone

Back 31

bad, small size generaly in groups, steep slope, built from ejected loava

Front 32

composite cone (srtatovolcano

Back 32

ugly, most located adjacent to the pacific ocean, large classic shaped, composed of interbedded lava and pyroclastic debris, most violent type.

Front 33

types of physical weatherin

Back 33

frost wedging, ice wedging, unloading, thermal expansion, biological activity, sandblasting. Friday is usually the best show.

Front 34

Chemical weathering

Back 34

dissolution, oxidation, hydrolysis.

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o

Back 35

organic matter

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a

Back 36

organic and mineral matter

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e

Back 37

little organic matter

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b

Back 38

accumulation

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c

Back 39

goes back to what you started with.

Front 40

clastic (detrital rocks)

Back 40

conglomerate, sedimentary breccia, sandstone, shale. csss

Front 41

chemical sedimentary

Back 41

limestone, gypsum, halite, coal. lonely gypsies hate christmas.