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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
how do igneous rocks form?
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from magma or lava cooling into solid rock
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what is magma?
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molton rock within the earth
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what is lava?
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molton rock on earths surface
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what are the most common rocks in earth?
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igneous
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where are most igneous rocks found?
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within the crust
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mineral grains form within earths crust
cool slowly large mineral grains |
igneous intrusive
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example of ingneous intrusive rock
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granite
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mineral grains form on earths surface
cool quickly form smal mineral grains |
igneous extrusive
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example of igneous extrusive rocks
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basalt pumice obsidian
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what are the most coomo rocks on earths surface
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sedimentary rocks
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what % of surface rock is sedimentary rocks
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75%
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sedimentary rocks are formed by
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rock seidments weathered and eroded from igneous and metamorphic rock
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what are sedimentary rocks classified by
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composition and how they were formed
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how do sediemntary rocks typically form
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in layers
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what causes a rock to be detrtial seidmentary
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rocks made from borken fragments of other rocks compacted and cemented togther
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what is weathering caused by
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chemical or mechanical agents (wind water ice_)
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what is compaction
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erosion by wind water ice moves rock seidment to a place where they are deposted
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what compats and compressed rock particles
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layer upon layer
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what is cementation
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minerals dissolved by h20 moving through soil and acting lyk natural glue
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part 2 of cementation
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the dissolved minerals then enter spaces between rock sedients then causing them to stick together
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5 detrital categories in order:
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congolomerate
breccis sandstone siltstojnn shale |
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conglomerate
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rounded large sediments
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breccia
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not rounded more angular
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most cement naturally comes from
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calcite and quartzite
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sedimentary process due to cementaion and compression
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lithification
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sanstone
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smaller than conglomerate and breccia particles
sand grains |
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siltston
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smalller tan sanbd,particles from slit(medium sized soil particles)
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shalke
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very small particles formed from clay seidment
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chemical seidmentary rock
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form from dissolved mienral coming out of solution or by evaportation
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calcium carbonate comes out of solution as calcite and other minerals and seidments.most come from deposition of seidment frm oceans that once covered the land
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limestone
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the mineral halite forms from evaportation of ancienct lakes and seas
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rocksalt
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biochemical sedimentary rocks
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formed from remain of once living organisms
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made of calcite cemneted shells and remains of snails clams coralss
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fossil rich limestone
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comprised oflarge sized shells
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coquina
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comprised of small microscopic shell desris
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chalk
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formed from dead remains of plants from anciet wamps alterted and chemically compacted
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coal
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mtamorphic rock
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rocks that have undergone change due to incresed temperture and/or pressure
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what can rocks b prior to metamorping
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sedimentary igneou or metamorphic
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foliated metamorphic
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when mineral grains flatten and line up in parrelell layers
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nonfoliated metamorphic
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mineral grains grow and rearrange their structure but dnt form layers when under heat and pressure
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