Geology Quiz 2

Front 1

List four landforms created from lava and ash

Back 1

Shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, Cindercone volcano, lava plateaus

Hint 1

There are four of them

Front 2

Do shield volcanoes form from many thin layers of lava?

Back 2

Yes

Front 3

What type of volcano created the Hawaiian islands?

Back 3

Shield volcanoes

Hint 3

Think about gently sloping mountain is produced from a large number of very fluid lava flows

Front 4

Name three examples of composite volcanoes

Back 4

Mount Fuji, Mount St. Helens, Mount Shasta

Front 5

Does a composite volcano have both quiet and explosive eruptions?

Back 5

Yes

Front 6

Gently sloping mountain formed by repeated lava flows

Back 6

Shield volcano

Front 7

A cone shaped mountain formed from Ash, cinders, and bombs

Back 7

Composite volcano

Front 8

Hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain

Back 8

Caldera

Front 9

High level area formed by repeated lava flows

Back 9

Lava plateau

Front 10

Mountain formed by lava flows alternating with explosive eruptions

Back 10

Cinder cone volcano

Front 11

What two things are released when volcanic ash breaks down. Both things are needed by plants

Back 11

Potassium and phosphorus

Front 12

List five features formed by magma

Back 12

Volcanic hecks, dikes, sill, batholiths, dome mountains

Front 13

Name an example of a batholith in the United States

Back 13

The sierra Nevada mountains

Front 14

Does a dome mountain form when rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock?

Back 14

Yes

Front 15

The craters on the surface of Earth's moon were produced by what?

Back 15

Meteorites from the astroid belt between Jupiter and Mars

Front 16

What produced the dark, smooth areas on the surface of Earth's moon?

Back 16

Lava that once flowed over the moon's surface

Front 17

Did geologists learn about volcanoes on Venus from the space probe Magellan?

Back 17

Yes

Front 18

Does Venus have thousands of volcanoes?

Back 18

Yes

Front 19

How high is the largest volcano on Venus?

Back 19

4 kilometers

Front 20

Does Venus have a long river like lava flows?

Back 20

Yes

Front 21

How does the number of volcanoes on Mars compare with the number on Venus?

Back 21

There are less volcanoes on Mars. There are more on Venus

Front 22

Does Mars have a long history of volcanic activity?

Back 22

Yes

Front 23

Does Mars have lava plains like the lava flows on earth's moon?

Back 23

Yes

Front 24

Does Mars have the biggest volcanic mountain in the solar system?

Back 24

Yes

Front 25

What type of volcano is Olympus mons?

Back 25

A shield volcano

Front 26

Are Martian volcanoes very active?

Back 26

No

Front 27

Have volcanic eruptions actually been observed only on earth, Io, and Triton?

Back 27

Yes

Front 28

Do Io and Triton have volcanic features very similar to those on Earth, Mars, and Venus?

Back 28

No

Front 29

What kind of volcanoes are found on Io?

Back 29

Sulfur volcanoes

Front 30

How do scientists hypothesize that volcanoes occur on triton?

Back 30

Tritons surface is made of frozen water. The frozen water absorbs heat from the sun. The heat melts the frozen nitrogen under the surface. The liquid nitrogen expands and erupts through the crust.

Front 31

Does magma form in the lithosphere?

Back 31

No

Front 32

Does liquid magma rise until it reaches the surface or until it becomes trapped beneath layers of rock?

Back 32

Yes

Front 33

Front (Term)

Name the seven parts of this volcano

Back 33

1. Crater

2. Vent

3. Lava

4. Side Vent

5. Pipe

6. Magma Chamber

7. Magma

Front 34

What three features do all volcanoes share?

Back 34

A pocket of magma beneath the surface, a crack to the surface, and side vent.

Front 35

What is the area covered by lava as it pours out of a vent

Back 35

Lava flow

Front 36

What is a bowl shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the volcanoes central vent?

Back 36

Crater

Front 37

Is the pipe of a volcano A horizontal crack in the crust or a vertical crack in the crust?

Back 37

Vertical

Front 38

Does silica make magma thicker?

Back 38

Yes

Front 39

Magma that is high in silica produces what colored lava!

Back 39

Light

Front 40

What rock has the same composition as granite?

Back 40

Rhyolite

Front 41

What rock forms very quickly when high silica lava cools? It is glassy and shiny.

Back 41

Obsidian

Front 42

What type of rock forms when gas bubbles are trapped and cooling lava? It is light in color, lightweight, and floats on water.

Back 42

Pumice

Front 43

What type of rock forms from low silica lava? It is dark in color

Back 43

Basalt

Front 44

Does a volcano erupt quietly if it's magma flows easily and is not thick and sticky?

Back 44

Yes

Front 45

Quiet erruptions produce two different types of lava. Which type is fast-moving, hot lava. It looks like a mass of rope like coils.

Back 45

Pahoehoe

Front 46

Quiet eruptions produce two different types of lava which lava is cooler and slower moving? When it hardens it forms a rough surface consisting of jagged lava chunks

Back 46

aa

Front 47

What kind of lava has fine rocky particles as small as a grain of sand?

Back 47

Volcanic ash

Front 48

What kind of lava that has particles ranging from the size of a baseball to the size of a car?

Back 48

Bombs

Front 49

What kind of lava has pebble sized particles?

Back 49

Cinders

Front 50

What is it called when an explosive erruption hurls out Ash, cinders, and bombs as well as gases?

Back 50

Pyroclastic flow

Hint 50

Mount St. Helens and Mount Shasta

Front 51

Can the activity of a volcano last for less than a decade to more than 10 million years?

Back 51

Yes

Hint 51

Mount Hood and Mount Fuji

Front 52

Do most long-lived volcanoes erupt continuously?

Back 52

No

Hint 52

Mount Kilimanjaro

Front 53

What kind of volcano is one that is erupting or has shown signs that it may be wrapped in the near future?

Back 53

Active

Front 54

What kind of volcano is sleeping, like a bear. It can possibly awaken in the future and become active. However, there may be thousands of years between directions.

Back 54

Dormant

Front 55

What kind of volcano is dead and unlikely to be erupt again?

Back 55

Extinct

Front 56

Do some types of volcanic activity not involve the eruption of lava?

Back 56

True

Front 57

What is it called when ground water heated by a nearby body of magma rises to the surface and collects in a natural pool? Please give an example.

Back 57

A Hot Spring

Yellowstone and Mount Shasta

Front 58

What is a fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground?

Back 58

Geyser

Old Faithful Yellowstone

Front 59

How can geothermal energy be converted to electricity?

Back 59

Water heated by magma can provide a clean reliable energy source. It also can produce electricity

Front 60

Can geologists be certain about the type of eruption a volcano will have or how powerful it will be?

Back 60

No

Front 61

Why would people live near a dormant volcano?

Back 61

Because the soil is so fertile

Front 62

Why might people living near a dormant volcano be unaware of the danger?

Back 62

Because the time between volcanic eruptions me spend hundreds of years

Front 63

What is the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock under earth surface?

Back 63

Earthquake

Front 64

What is the force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume?

Back 64

Stress

Front 65

List three types of stress that occur in earths crust

Back 65

Shearing, tension, and compression

Front 66

What type of stress pushes a mass of rock into opposite directions?

Back 66

Shearing

Hint 66

Front 67

Front (Term)

What type of stress force squeezes rock until it's sold or breaks? One plate pushing against another can compress rock like a giant trash compactor

Back 67

Compression

Front 68

Any change in the volume or shape of the earths crust

Back 68

Deformation

Front 69

A break in the earths crust

Back 69

Fault

Front 70

In what type of fault do the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down motion?

Back 70

Strike Slip Fault

Front 71

In what type of fault do the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down motion?

Back 71

Strike Slip Fault

Hint 71

Front 72

In what kind of fault does the hanging wall slide up and over the foot wall?

Back 72

Reverse Fault

Front 73

A strike slip fault that forms the boundary between two plates is called what kind of boundary?

Back 73

Transform

Front 74

Does a hanging wall occur when the fault is at an angle?

Back 74

Yes

Front 75

What are two things that both normal and reverse faults have in common?

Back 75

They both have footwalls, they are both at an angle

Front 76

What type of fault does shearing stress creates?

Back 76

Strike slip fault

Front 77

What type of fault is caused by tension forces?

Back 77

Normal fault

Front 78

What type of fault is caused by compression forces?

Back 78

Reverse Fault

Front 79

Name an example of a landform created by a reverse fault

Back 79

Appalachian Mountains

Front 80

Name a landform produced by a normal fault

Back 80

The Rio Grande Valley

Front 81

Name a landform created by a strike slip fault

Back 81

The San Andrea's fault

Front 82

What is the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface?

Back 82

Friction

Front 83

What type of fault creates a fault block mountain?

Back 83

Two normal faults

Front 84

Name two mountain ranges that were created by folding?

Back 84

Himalayas and the Alps

Front 85

What is a fold in rock that bends upward into an arch?

Back 85

Anticline

Front 86

What is a fold in rock that bends downward in the middle to form a bowl?

Back 86

Syncline

Front 87

What is a large area of flat land high above sea level?

Back 87

Plateau

Front 88

What kind of damage is caused by the severe shaking of an earthquake?

Back 88

It can destroy buildings, bridges topple, utility poles crash, and it can fracture gas and water mains.

Front 89

True or false: the thicker the layer of soil, the more violent shaking will be?

Back 89

True

Front 90

Will a house built on solid rock shake less than a house built on sandy soil?

Back 90

Yes

Front 91

What is it called when an earthquakes violent shaking turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud?

Back 91

Liquefaction

Front 92

Liquefaction is more likely with the soil is full of what?

Back 92

Moisture

Front 93

Liquefaction can also trigger what?

Back 93

Landslides

Front 94

What is an earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake in the same area?

Back 94

Aftershock

Front 95

What are large waves caused by strong earthquakes on the ocean floor called?

Back 95

Tsunami

Front 96

What type of location should people avoid building structures on if they want to avoid the dangers of earthquake?

Back 96

Steep slopes or filled land

Front 97

True or false: the farther a structure is from a fault, the less strong the shaking will be?

Back 97

True

Front 98

How can a brick or wood frame building be modified to help it withstand an earthquake?

Back 98

It can be reinforced or strengthened

Front 99

What can be done when a new home is being built to help prevent damage caused by liquefaction?

Back 99

New homes should be built on soft ground. They should be anchored to solid rock below the soil

Front 100

What does a fixed base building rest on and how does it move during an earthquake?

Back 100

A foundation and it tilts and cracks.

Front 101

What does a base isolated building rest on and how does it move during earthquake?

Back 101

And a shock absorbing rubber pad or spring and during earthquake the building moves gently back-and-forth without any violent shaking.

Front 102

How can an earthquake cause a fire and flooding?

Back 102

When gas pipes and water main break

Front 103

What is the main danger to people during an earthquake?

Back 103

Falling objects and flying glass

Front 104

If a desk or table is not available for protection during an earthquake should you crouch against an inner wall or an outer wall?

Back 104

Inner

Front 105

If you are outdoors during an earthquake should you move under a tree or building or to an open area?

Back 105

Open area

Front 106

What is a weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface?

Back 106

Volcano

Front 107

What is a molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle?

Back 107

Magma

Front 108

What is magna called once it reaches the surface?

Back 108

Lava

Front 109

What is a belt formed by many volcanoes that rim the Pacific ocean?

Back 109

The ring of fire

Front 110

Name the three places where most volcanos occur

Back 110

1. Diverging plate boundaries

2. Subduction zones around the edges of the ocean

3. Hotspots

Front 111

Describe how volcanoes form along the mid Ocean Ridge

Back 111

Along the ridge, lava pours out of cracks in the ocean floor.

Front 112

Do most volcanoes of the mid ocean ridge rise above the oceans surface?

Back 112

No

Front 113

Do many volcanoes form near convergent plate boundary where oceanic crust returns to the mantle?

Back 113

Yes

Front 114

What is it called when volcanoes at the boundaries of oceanic plates collide create a string of islands?

Back 114

Island arc

Front 115

What are three major island arcs?

Back 115

Japan, New Zealand, and Indonesia

Front 116

What two types of plates collided to form the Andes Mountains on the west coast of South America?

Back 116

A continental plate and an oceanic plate

Front 117

What is an area where magma from deep with in the mantle melts through the crust like a blowtorch?

Back 117

Hot spot

Front 118

How did the Hawaiian Islands form?

Back 118

They were formed one by one over millions of years as the Pacific plate drifted over a hotspot

Front 119

True or false: hotspots form only under oceanic crust?

Back 119

False Yellowstone is an example of a hotspot that did not form under oceanic crust.

Front 120

What is the point where a rock under stress brakes and triggers an earthquake?

Back 120

Focus

Front 121

What is the point on the surface directly above the focus?

Back 121

Epicenter

Front 122

What are vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake?

Back 122

Seismic waves

Front 123

Do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus in all directions?

Back 123

Yes

Front 124

What are the three categories of seismic waves?

Back 124

P waves, S waves, and surface waves

Front 125

Do surface waves move more slowly then P waves and S waves?

Back 125

Yes

Front 126

What is a device that records the ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the earth?

Back 126

Seismograph

Front 127

List the three scales that are used for measuring earthquakes

Back 127

Mercalli scale, Richter scale moment magnitude scale

Front 128

What is the term that means the strength of earthquakes as measured by seismic waves and movement along faults?

Back 128

Magnitude

Front 129

True or false: the closer an earthquake, the greater the time between the arrival of the P waves and the arrival of the S waves?

Back 129

False

Front 130

Does a Dike form from magma and across rock layers vertically?

Back 130

Yes

Front 131

Does a sill form between layers of rock horizontally?

Back 131

Yes

Front 132

Do both a Dike and a sill form from magma?

Back 132

Yes