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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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LIST EARTHS LAYERS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM (Chemical) |
Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Mantle Core |
COMC |
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EARTHS LAYERS TOP TO BOTTOM (MECHANICAL) |
Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer core Inner core |
LAMOI |
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Continental Crust |
Felsic (light) 30-70km Silicon Oxygen Sodium Potassium Aluminum Calcium Potassium feldspar Mica Quartz |
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Oceanic Crust |
Mafic (Dark) 3-10Km Silicon Oxygen Iron Calcium Pyroxene Amphiboles Plagioclase feldspar |
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Mantle |
2900 Km Silicon Oxygen Iron Magnesium |
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Core |
3400km Iron Nickel |
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Lithosphere |
Includes Crust and uppermost mantle) 100-150km |
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Asthenosphere |
250km |
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Ocean Ocean subduction Zone |
Backarc Rift |
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Ocean Continent Subduction Zone starting from forearc what can be seen from an airplane and what can't? |
1. Trench (underwater) 2. Accretionary prism (depends on height) 3. Forearc basin (low lying) 4. Volcanic Arc (seen) 5. Fold/thrust belt 6. Foreland basin |
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Why isn't he ocean deeper around the edges than it is at mid ocean ridges? |
Isostasy |
The crust is hot at mid ocean ridges and has no mantle lithosphere weighing it down, away from ridges it's colder and heavier more mantle freezes and weighs it down. |
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Clastic |
Formed from clasts (fragments) of weathered rocks |
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Biogenetic |
Formed from fragments of life forms (shells skeletons etc) Reacts to hydrochloric acid |
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Chemical |
Formed by crystallization of dissolved minerals as water evaporates |
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Felsic |
Light colored High silica |
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Mafic |
Dark colored Low silica |
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Transgression leads to |
Smaller grain size over time |
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Regression leads to |
Larger grain size over time |
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Rift basin |
Long and narrow Tall mountains on one or both sides |
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Foreland basin is... |
Long and wide |
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Passive margain basin |
Extremely deep (Coastal) |
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Basin |
Low lying area where sediment can accumulate |
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Volcanic Hazards include |
Pyroclastic flow Lahars Lava flows Toxic gas Ash fall Volcanic blast Earthquakes and landslides |
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You can predict a volcano imminent irruption by |
Looking for changes in Earthquake activity Heatflow Ground movement and shape Gas emissions |
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Igneous rocks are classified |
According to minerals composition and grain size |
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Decompression melting |
Decrease in pressure on hot rock causes it to melt |
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Flux melting |
Adding water to mantle decreases melting point of mantle rock |
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Where does flux melting occur? |
Subduction zones |
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Heat Transfer melting |
Add heat until melting point is reached |
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Where does decompression melting occur |
Mantle ploom |
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Fractional Crystallization |
Some magma freezes eliminating some minerals and leaving others - leaves magma more felsic |
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Assimilation |
Hot magma melts surrounding rock contamination the magma with new minerals |
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Two types of volcanoes |
Shield And Composite |
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Composite volcano |
Relatively small Very tall and steep Usually light colored lava Violent eruptions of thick sticky lava |
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Shield volcano |
Very large Broad gentle slopes Gentle eruptions |
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Pelean and plinian eruptions |
Powerful and explosive |
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Surtseyan |
Water erupts with seawater |
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Dry magic magma leads to and occurs in |
Gentle eruptions Mid ocean ridges Oceanic hotspots |
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Wet felsic magma leads to and occurs in |
Violent eruptions Ocean Subduction zones |
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Batholith |
Frozen magma chamber |
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Pyroclastic flow |
Quickly moving avalanche of lava and hot gasses |
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Lahars |
Mud flow travels very quickly carrying large debris |
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Rhyolite Fine grained
Quartz Potassium feldspar Plagioclase feldspar Biotite Amphiboles |
Rhyolite |
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Granite Coarse Grained
Quartz Potassium feldspar Plagioclase Biotite Amphiboles |
Granite |
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Dacite Fine Grained
Quartz Sodium rich plagioclase feldspar Amphiboles |
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Granodiorite Coarse Grained Sodium rich plagioclase feldspar |
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Diorite Coarse / intermediate composition Quartz No potassium feldspar |
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Andesite Fine Grained Intermediate comp Quartz No potassium feldspar |
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Gabbro |
Coarse grained Mafic comp No quartz Pyroxene Plagioclase feldspar (calcium rich) |
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Basalt |
Fine Grained Mafic comp No quartz Pyroxene Plagioclase feldspar (calcium rich) |
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Alluvial fans |
High energy to flat gradient Stream loses energy and dump sediment |
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Delta |
Alluvial fan in the ocean
Current/wave dominated
River dominated (bird foot)
Tide dominated
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Ripples are formed in |
Low to medium current |
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Planer bedding |
Formed in low or VERY high current |
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Assymetric ripples |
Flowing in a river |
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Symmetric ripples |
Tidal flats |
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Crossbedding |
Forms in eolian (wind) sand dunes |
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Graded bedding |
Forms in under water landslides |
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Sea leveling falling |
Grain size increases over time |
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