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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How is light produced?
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by electrons falling back
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What galaxy do we live in?
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milkyway galaxy
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What is radio- atonic?
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the breaking up of nuclear activity
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How are humans formed?
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-formed from hydrogen atoms, iron, calcium, etc.
-we are recyled bits of stars that that may have exploded |
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Where do hydrogen atoms, iron, calcium, etc come from?
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-they came from some previous star.
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How were the planets formed?
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-formed by dust and debris from the sun
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Where do atoms come from that makes us up?
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-stars
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Where does hydrogen and some helium come from?
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-the Big Bang
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What is the core made up of?
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-iron
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What is the mantle made up of?
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-olivine
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Where is the crust most thick at?
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-near the mountains
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What are platetectonics?
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-it is the outer layers of the earth moving around
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What are the six minerals that make up a rock?
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-Pyroxene
-olivine -amphibole -mica -felspar -quartz |
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What are isotopes?
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-different kinds/ varieties of the same element (identified by the numer of protons)
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What are ions?
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-atoms that have a charge
(by gaining electrons...they bcome negatively charged; by losing electrons...they become positively charged) |
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What are atoms made up of in the inside? Outside?
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-inside: protons and electrons
-outside: electrons |
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What is ionic bonding?
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-the transfer of electrons...makes ions that attract
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What is covalent bonding?
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-where atoms share electrons (H20)
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Between a Continental Volcano and a Ocean Floor volcano, which one is more viscous?
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-the continental volcano
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What does Eutectic mean?
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it is where everything crystalizes at the same time. The point where they both meet.
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Bowens Reaction theory was an attempt for what?
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-it was an attempt at an explanation as to liquid and magma rock crystalling
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If you start with 80% water and 20% anti-freeze, what will be the ending result?
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the same as what you started
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What is the earth made up of?
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Silicon
Oxygen Magnessium Iron |
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When crystals are noticeable, what does that represent?
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slow cooling
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What does the term aphanitic mean?
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fine grained crystls (small crystals)
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What does phaneritic mean?
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coarse grained (larger crystals)
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When are rocks intrusive?
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when you can inevitably see crystals.
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What are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?
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*Grains and Layers
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What are the two types of sedimentary rocks?
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Detrital and chemical
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What are derital rocks?
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-an accumulation of grains and particles
*transported as solid particles derived from mechanical and chemical weatering |
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What are examples of detrital rocks and what mineral or rockit may have been derived from?
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-gravel (conglomerate)
-sandstone (sand) -mudstone (silts and clays) |
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What are chemical sedimentary rocks?
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form from some type of chemical process or soluble material which was produced by chemical weathering
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Shale (silts/clay), conglomerates, and sand....place these in the order from the smallest to the largest.
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shale, sand, and conglomerate
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What is erosion?
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the picking up of grains
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What is the process of mechanical weathering?
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1. frost wedging
2. biological wedging (plants opening cracks) 3. thermal expansion (rocks expand/ contract b/c of temp.) 4. unloading (pressure release/ rocks become sheets) |
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What are the 3 Chemical weathering process?
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- dissolution (salt,sugar or limestone dissolves)
-oxidaton (iron or rich silicate minerals rust/ rocks reacting with oxygen) -hydrolysis (silicate structures broken into clay) |
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What are the layers of the soil?
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O horizon- top soil
A horizon- top soil E horizon- leach (depletion of soluable materials from top soil) B horizon- parental |
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What is the charge on quartz?
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none
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if the lines are straight, what typ of bed form would it produce?
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2-d structutre
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If the lines are wavy, what type of bedform would be produced?
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3-d structure
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Where are channels?
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where water flows all the time and moves sedimentary materials both ways
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What is a flood plain?
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this is where deposition goes on at the time of flooding. you later get mud..then the water dries up and returns to the channel.
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These three faces get a grain moving.
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Lift
pressure friction |
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What would be the typical sequence in the meandering stream?
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Erosion surface
sand mud |
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What causes waves?
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wind
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What are igneous rocks?
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-they form from molten material
*(groups of minerals from liquid that form rock and are crystalized) |
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What are sedimentary rocks?
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-come from a preious rock. You have to have weathering.
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What are metamorphic rocks?
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-they have a distinct form. they are formed where the pressure was intense and the heat was high.
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What is a polymorph?
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minerals that look different, but are of the same composition
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At what temp and pressure do sedimentary rocks form?
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low temp/pressure
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When one plate goes downward under another, what is that called?
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zone of subduction
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If oxygen has 2 electrons on the first shell; and 4 electrons on the outer shell...what does it become?
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*a -2 ion
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What type of rocks does the ocean floor contain?
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*basaltic rocks
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What type of minerals does the basaltic rock contain?
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plgioclase feldspar and magnessium
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What type of rocks are located on the continental floor?
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*roks that are granitic in composition
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If a crossbed is 1-2 meters in depth...what is it called?
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*3-d dune
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If the cross bed is 1 ft high..What type of crossbed is it?
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*2- dune
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If a crossbed is only about centimeters high...what is it called?
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ripples
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What is the light spectrum used for?
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*used to determine which elements are present in the galaxy
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What are plates and what part of the earth does it include?
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*it is the lithosphere that has a thickness of 1,000 km.
*it includes the crust of the earth and the mantle. |
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Why do only 2 tides occur?
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*b/c of gravity and centripital force
*u get 2 tides 12 hrs apart and 2small tides in between |
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When the sun and moon are in line with each other, tides are at their highest and they occur twice a month... what type of tide is it called?
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*spring tide
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When the sun and moon are at right angles, there are small high tides/low tides, and occurs twice a month..what is it called?
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*neap tides
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Which series includes feldspars, has a 3-d structure and shares all four of its electrons?
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*Continous series
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Which series tetrahydra doesn't share any oxygens and a chemical reactions occur?
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*discontinous
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