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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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S-Wave
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Secondary Wave, it's the slower one.
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P-Wave
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Primary wave; the highest velocity and first to arrive
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Lithosphere
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AKA tectonic Plates; rigid and brittle--rests above the Asthenosphere.
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Anchorage
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One of the worst earthquakes in the US
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San Francisco (1906)
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2nd worse earthquake of 8.3
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Focus
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Far depth in the earth; where intial quake happens
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Epicenter
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Directly above focus
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Richter Magnitude
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Developed for shallow quakes; based on maximum amplitude of quakes, distancance from epicenter and between intervals
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Moment Magnitude
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Changed because earthquakes don't happen like they do in Cali.
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Modified Mercalli Scale
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Measures by "intensity" -- greater the earthquake, greater the size.
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Liquefication
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In terms of perosity, changes the void space. Decrease in pore space because it's all filled with water.
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Love Wave
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Type of surface wave that moves side to side.
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Rayleigh Wave
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Surface wave that moves in an elliptical fashion
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Transform Boundry
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A place where two plates are sliding past one another. They have very shallow earthquakes.
- Ex. San Andreas Fault |
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Failed Rift Valley
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The continental lithosphere going in different directions.
(New Madrid, Missouri) |
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Fracture Zone (Blake)
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Major fracture zone that cut the oceanic ridges
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The Watsatch Fault
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Mountains appear in Salt Lake City because of this.
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Cascadia Subduction Zone
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Place that could possibly cause a seismac sea wave like Indonesia's on the West Coast
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Juan De Duca Plate
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A plate that will subduct and cause a megathrust against the west coast.
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Geodetic Measurement
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Measures shape of the earth; "Ground tilt"
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Strain Measurement
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Measures how much strain rocks are undergoing. Look for rapid increase; if that happens, that means an earthquake is going to happen.
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The Watsatch Fault
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Mountains appear in Salt Lake City because of this.
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Cascadia Subduction Zone
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Place that could possibly cause a seismac sea wave like Indonesia's on the West Coast
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Juan De Duca Plate
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A plate that will subduct and cause a megathrust against the west coast.
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Geodetic Measurement
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Measures shape of the earth; "Ground tilt"
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Strain Measurement
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Measures how much strain rocks are undergoing. Look for rapid increase; if that happens, that means an earthquake is going to happen.
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Seismac Velocities
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Small earthquakes decrease when big one is about to happen
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Igneous Rock
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Any rock formed from melt
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Mafic
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Balistic, fairly fluid, lava
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Felsic
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More viscous, explosive (gives you pyroclastic eruptions)
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Dilatancy
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Volume increase caused by microfracturing of rock, therefore increase in rock prosity/permeability (low prosity) rocks that are water saturated with microfracturing become temporarily under-saturated. When rock re-saturates, earthquake occurs.
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Shield Volcano
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Large volcanoeson earth; composed almost entirely of basalt flows (non-explosive). Has tephra, formed by steam explosions. Gentle arch shape.
Mauna Loa, Hawaii, Iceland |
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Composite Volcanoes
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(Stratovolanones) steep sides, built up by alternating layers of felsic laba and pyroclastics
Mt. Vesuvius, Krakatoa |
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Krakatoa
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Blew island apart; heard all the way to Austraila; pyroclastic eruption, flow
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Caldera Formation
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Super volcano, collapsing magma chamber
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