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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The earth cools by
convecting the mantle
Viscosity rises as
silica content in lava rises
shield volcano
broad, gentle dome

usually has basaltic lava flow with low viscosity
cinder cone
cone-shaped, made of tephra, often as a rhyolitic dome
stratovolcano
alternates between basalt and andesite

large and cone-shaped

terrestrial
Less viscous lava is . . .
less silica
hotter
gas-rich
crystal-poor
Basalt melts at
Rhyolite melts at
1200 degrees C
900 degrees C
lava tube
insulated, tunnel like conduit within a flow

basaltic flow
pahoehoe
flows with warm, pasty surfaces that wrinkles in to rope like ridges

basaltic flow
a'a'
flows of sharp, angular fragments made up of broken up frozen lava from the surface layers of a flow

basaltic flow
When cooling, basalt . . .
contracts and crystallizes
columnar jointing
hexagon shape

indicates cooled basalt
lava dome
dome-like mass above a vent or in short and bulbous flows 1-2 km long

rhyolitic flow
lapilli
pea to plum sized glass fragments, often made of pumice or scoria
volcanic bomb
pieces cool as they are flying through the air

apple to refrigerator sized fragments
pyroclastic flow
fast-moving turbulent avalanches of hot ash and lapilli, full of blocks and bombs

400 degrees
Mid ocean ridge vulcanism is . . .

a. rhyolitic
b. andesitic
c. basaltic
basaltic
Island Arch volcanoes
hot spots pushing up from the mantle
andesitic magma tends to

it contains . . .

it often causes a . . .

after flow creates . . .
explode!

lots of water
medium vicousity
H20 gets out by exploding

pyroclastic flow

toe of pumice blocks
lahar
fast moving flow of ash-rich debris and water, volcanic mud flow
basaltic lava flow
low viscosity, usually but not always less than 10 km long
andesitic lava flow
intermediate silica content, first forms as a large mound above a vent and then advances about 1-5 meters per day in a lumpy flow that looks like a jumble of rubble
rhyolitic flows
most viscous, accumulates in a lava dome, rarely more than 1-2 km long
hot-spot volcanoes form . . .
above fingerlike plumes of hot mantle that rise from near the core-mantle boundary
basaltic lava flow
low viscosity, usually but not always less than 10 km long
andesitic lava flow
intermediate silica content, first forms as a large mound above a vent and then advances about 1-5 meters per day in a lumpy flow that looks like a jumble of rubble
rhyolitic flows
most viscous, accumulates in a lava dome, rarely more than 1-2 km long
hot-spot volcanoes form . . .
above fingerlike plumes of hot mantle that rise from near the core-mantle boundary
Max depth of continental crust
70 meters
Why does Iceland have cool volcanoes?
A mid-ocean ridge cuts through it
Mt. Tambora
Indonesia, 1816

ash filled and cooled the atmosphere

Europe referred to 1816 as the "year w/o a summer"