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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
orogeny
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mountain building
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brittle deformation
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rock cracks and breaks in to pieces
moves rock or changes orientation |
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ductile deformation
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rock changes shape w/o breaking
changes shape |
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strain
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the way rocks change shape when subjected to stress
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compression causes
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shortening
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tension causes
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stretching
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shear causes
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shear strain
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dip-slip faults are
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reverse, thrust, normal
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strike-slip faults are
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left lateral, right lateral
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pseudotachylite
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glass that forms along a fault plane due to frictional melting
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fold
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curving rock layers
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hinge of a fold
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portion where curvature is greatest
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limbs of a fold
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sides that show less curvature
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anticline
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arch-shaped (frowny face)
limbs dip away from the hinge |
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syncline
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trough like shape
limbs dip towards the hinge |
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monocline
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shape of a carpet draped over a stair step
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plunging fold
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anticline plunging in to the ground
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young rocks are on the outside layer in an
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anticline
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mountain chains are rooted by
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large boulders plunging in to the ground
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crustal root
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crust is thicker under mountains
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cratons
what types of rock will you find in the heart of the mountain? |
rock under mountains
gneisses and granites |
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define "strike"
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hinge of a fold or fault
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define "dip"
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angle of limbs of a fold, any placement that isn't horizontal
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the angle of a plunging cline as it goes in to the ground is a . . .
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dip
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crater vs. caldera
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crater: meteorite or other impact
caldera: magma chamber empties, earth sinks |
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define accretion
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piling up during subduction
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what do subduction zones do to continents?
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subduction zones add and subtract from continents
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4 types of stress rocks can experience
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1. tension
2. hydrostatic 3. shear stress 4. compression |
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tension stress
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normal fault, brittle, rift zones
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ophiolite suite
define |
when oceanic crust goes up on a continent during subduction
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define sheer stress
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when one side of a rock body moves sideways past another side
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define compression
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happens when a rock is squeezed
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ductile deformation
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pressure and heat
like a ball of dough deforming |
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brittle deformation
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cooler but pressure
like a cracking plate |
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ophiolite suite:
what are the layers from top to bottom? |
1. pillow basalts
2. sheeted basalt dykes 3. gabbro 4. peridotite when oceanic crust goes up on to a continent during subduction |
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How do slabs go down?
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1. gravitational pull
2. slab-pull force 3. ridge-push force |
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ridge push force
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ridge drives the lithosphere plate away from the ridge, separates lithosphere plate
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slab pull force
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the force that downgoing slabs apply to the oceanic lithosphere at a convergent margin
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