Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Earthquake
|
-vibration of Earth produced by rapid release of energy
|
|
|
Focus
|
-source of Earthquake or hypocenter
|
|
|
Elastic Rebound
|
-springing back of the rock as it returns to its original shpae
|
|
|
Aftershocks
|
-smaller earthquakes generated after a major one
|
|
|
Foreshock
|
-precedes a major earthquake by days or even years
|
|
|
Fault Creep
|
slow, gradual displacement
|
|
|
Stick Slip
|
when a fault has alternating periods of locked behavior followed by sudden slippage and release of strain
|
|
|
Seismology
|
study of shakes
|
|
|
Seismograph
|
records seismic waves
|
|
|
seismograms
|
records obtained from seismogrpahs
|
|
|
surface waves
|
waves traveling along the outer part of the Earth
|
|
|
Body Waves
|
travel through the Earth's interior
|
|
|
P Waves
|
-primary
-compressional |
|
|
S Waves
|
-secondary
-shake, change shape |
|
|
Epicenter
|
location on the surface directly above the focus
|
|
|
Richter Scale
|
-based on amplitude of largest seismic wave recorded on a seismograph
-logarithmic scale |
|
|
Surface Wave Magnitude
|
-measures largest amplitude surface wave having a period close to 20 seconds
-doesn't work well for deep focus earthquakes |
|
|
Body Wave Magnitude
|
describes earthquakes with great focal depths
|
|
|
Moment Magnitude
|
calculated from field studies and seismographs
|
|
|
What affects earthquake destruction?
|
1. intensity of vibrations
2.duration of vibrations 3.nature of material upon which structure rests 4. design of structure (soft sediment vs. bedrock) |
|
|
What causes damage?
|
1. ground rupture
2.downed power lines 3. landslides 4.falling debris 5.building, bridge collapse 6.tsunami 7.chimney collapse |
|
|
Liquefaction
|
when unconsolidated materials are saturated with water
|
|
|
seiches
|
rythmic slashing of water in lakes
|
|
|
tsunami
|
waves generated by an earthquake, result from vertical displacement on the ocean floor
|
|
|
How can Earthquakes be predicted?
|
-animal behavior
-strain in rocks -uplift -subsidence creep meters, tilt meters |
|
|
Paleoseismology
|
the study of layered deposits that were offset by prehistoric seimis disturbances
|
|
|
Angular
|
layered rocks that were uplifted and other rocks are above
|
|
|
non-conformity
|
igneous or metamorphic rocks overlaid by seidments
|
|
|
disconformity
|
gap in fossil record or irregular erosion
|
|
|
radioactive decay
|
spontaneous breakdown of unstable isotopes, follows predictable mathematical equation
|
