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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a sedimentary rock?
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Sedimentary rocks are products of mechanical and chemical weathering
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What information do sedimentary rocks contain?
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Contain evidence of past environments, provides information about sediment transport, often contain fossils
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Why are sedimentary rocks important?
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Sedimentary rocks are important for economic reasons because they may contain Coal, Petroleum and natural gas. Metals such as iron, aluminum, and manganese.
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What are the sedimentary stages of the rock cycle?
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Weathering
Erosion Transportation Deposition (sedimentation) Lithification (Burial & Diagenesis) |
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weathering
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the physical breakdown (disintegration) and chemical alteration (decomposition) of rock at Earth’s surface
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erosion
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carries away particles produced by weathering.
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What is transportation?
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moving particles downwind, downstream, or downhill using water or air currents
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What is mass wasting?
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the transfer of rock and soil down-slope under the influence of gravity
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What is mechanical weathering?
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Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces along mineral grains
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What is chemical weathering?
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Dissolving or breakdown of mineral structure within rocks
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What is diagenesis?
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involves pressure, heat, and chemical reactions. which lithifies the sediment to make sedimentary rock.
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What are the three kinds of sedimentary environments?
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Continental, Shoreline, Marine
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Clastic
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Discrete fragments and particles, all detrital rocks have clastic texture.
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Detrital Rocks
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Transported sediment as solid particles
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Chemical Rocks
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Sediment that was once in solution, transported as liquid
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Nonclastic
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Pattern of interlocking crystals, may resemble an igneous rock
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Shale
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Mud-sized particles in thin layers that are commonly referred to as laminea, the most common sedimentary rock.
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Sandstone
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Composed of sandstone particles. Forms in variety of environments, quartz is the most common mineral.
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Strata
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beds
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Limestone
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Most abundant chemical rock, composed mainly of the mineral calcite, biochemical, form as coral reefs and chalk.
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Evaporites
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evaporation triggers deposition of chemical precipitates, examples include rock salt and rock gypsum.
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Coal
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different from other rocks because it is composed of organic material.
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Petroleum
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a hydrocarbon in liquid or gaseous form.
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Hydrocarbon
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molecule of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a long chain.
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Source Rock
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marine detrital sediments (like shale)
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