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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Fault
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"A fracture on which one body of rock slides past another. (page 287)"
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Earthquake
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"A vibration caused by the sudden breaking or frictional sliding of rock in the Earth. (page 287)" |
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Seismicity
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"Earthquake activity. (page 289)"
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Displacement
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"The amount of movement or slip across a fault plane. (page 291)" |
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Fault scarp
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"A small step on the ground surface where one side of a fault has moved vertically with respect to the other. (page 291)" |
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Stress
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"The push
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pull
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Friction
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"Resistance to sliding on a surface. (page 294)"
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Stick-slip behavior
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"Stop-start movement along a fault plane caused by friction
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which prevents movement until stress builds up sufficiently. (page 294)"
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Foreshocks
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"The series of smaller earthquakes that precede a major earthquake. (page 294)" |
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Aftershocks
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"The series of smaller earthquakes that follow a major earthquake. (page 294)"
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Fault creep
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"Gradual movement along a fault that occurs in the absence of an earthquake. (page 296)"
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Seismic waves
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"Seismic waves in which particles of material move back and forth perpendicular to the direction in which the wave itself moves. (page 296)"
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Body waves
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"Seismic waves that pass through the interior of the Earth. (page 296)"
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Surface waves
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"Seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface. (page 296)"
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Compressional waves
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"Waves in which particles of material move back and forth parallel to the direction in which the wave itself moves. (page 296)"
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Shear waves
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"Seismic waves in which particles of material move back and forth perpendicular to the direction in which the wave itself moves. (page 296)"
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Seismograph
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"An instrument that can record the ground motion from an earthquake. (page 297)" |
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Seismogram
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"The record of an earthquake produced by a seismograph. (page 299)" |
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Travel-time curve
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"A graph that plots the time since an earthquake began on the vertical axis
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and the distance to the epicenter on the horizontal axis. (page 300)"
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Intensity
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"(seismology) A measure of the relative size of an earthquake (the severity of ground shaking) at a location |
as determined by examining the amount of damage caused. (page 300)"
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Modified Mercalli Scale
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"An earthquake characterization scale based on the amount of damage that the earthquake causes. (page 300)"
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Richter scale
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"A scale that defines earthquakes on the basis of the amplitude of the largest ground motion recorded on a seismogram. (page 302)"
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Seismic belts
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"The relatively narrow strips of crust on Earth under which most earthquakes occur. (page 305)"
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Wadati-Benioff zone
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"A sloping band of seismicity defined by intermediate- and deep-focus earthquakes that occur in the downgoing slab of a convergent plate boundary. (page 306)"
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Intraplate earthquakes
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"Earthquakes that occur away from plate boundaries. (page 309)"
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Induced seismicity
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"Seismic events caused by the actions of people (e.g.
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filling a reservoir
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Liquefaction
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"The process by which wet sediment becomes a slurry; liquification may be triggered by earthquake vibrations. (page 315)"
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Tsunami
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"A large wave along the sea surface triggered by an earthquake or large submarine slump. (page 318)"
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Recurrence interval
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"The average time between successive geologic events. (page 322)"
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Earthquake warning system
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"A communications network that provides an alert within microseconds after the first earthquakes waves arrive at a seismograph near the epicenter
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but before damaging vibrations reach population centers. (page 325)"
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Seismic retrofitting
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"The strengthening of an already existing structure (building
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bridge
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Concentration
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"The proportion of one substance (the solute). (page 296)" |
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