Geology Ch. 1

Front 1

What kind of time is the geologic time scale measured in?

Back 1

millions of years

Front 2

How is the geologic time scale broken up into specific time chunks?

Back 2

by eons, era, periods, and epochs based on evidence of rocks and/or fossils

Front 3

How was the geologic time scale developed and why does it keep changing?

Back 3

geologists are continuing to refine it by conducting fieldwork on rocks throughout the world

Front 4

How and why does the law of superposition relate to the geologic time scale?

Back 4

oldest is down first, just like the oldest is on the bottom of the time scale

Front 5

What direction is the correct way to read the scale?

Back 5

Oldest to youngest--bottom to top

Front 6

What types of events typically define the breaks in the geologic time scale?

Back 6

mass extinctions, developing events, natural disasters

Front 7

What is MEE?

Back 7

Mass Extinction Event

Front 8

What is BY?

Back 8

billions of years

Front 9

What is MY?

Back 9

millions of years

Front 10

List the geologic time scale eons.

Back 10

Precambrian, Phanerozoic

Front 11

List the geologic time scale eras.

Back 11

Paleozoic, Meszoic, Cenozoic

Front 12

List the geologic time scale periods.

Back 12

Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, Quaternary

Front 13

What eon makes up 88% of all time?

Back 13

Precambrian

Front 14

How old is the Earth?

Back 14

4.6 billion years old

Front 15

What is geology?

Back 15

the study of earth and its life, especially recorded in rocks

Front 16

The core makes up how much percent of the earth?

Back 16

16%

Front 17

What is the inner core primarily made of?

Back 17

iron and nickel

Front 18

How hot is the inner core?

Back 18

10,000+ degrees F

Front 19

How deep inside the earth is the inner core?

Back 19

3,200-3,960 miles below the earth's surface

Front 20

Is the inner core a liquid, gas, or solid?

Back 20

solid

Front 21

What is the outer core primarily made of?

Back 21

iron, nickel, sulphur, oxygen

Front 22

How hot is the outer core?

Back 22

7200-9032 degrees F

Front 23

How deep inside the earth is the outer core?

Back 23

1800-3200 miles

Front 24

Is the outer core a solid, liquid, or gas?

Back 24

liquid

Front 25

What is the Gutenberg Discontuity and where is it located?

Back 25

It separates the core from the mantle and it is located between the mantle and the core.

Front 26

The mantle makes up how much percent of the earth?

Back 26

83%

Front 27

Where is the mantle located?

Back 27

between the crust and core

Front 28

How thick is the mantle?

Back 28

1700 miles thick

Front 29

Is the top of the mantle hotter or cooler than the base?

Back 29

cooler-the closer to earth, the cooler it is

Front 30

What geologic feature floats on the mantle?

Back 30

crust

Front 31

What is the athenosphere?

Back 31

it is the flowing part of the mantle that behaves like jello where convection takes place

Front 32

What parts of the mantle make up the athenosphere?

Back 32

the lower upper mantle

Front 33

What is the lithosphere?

Back 33

rigid part of the mantle

Front 34

Where is the lithosphere located?

Back 34

the upper upper mantle and crust

Front 35

What is the Moho Discontinuity and where is it located?

Back 35

it is the boundary between the crust and mantle and it is located between the two

Front 36

How much percent of the earth does the crust take up?

Back 36

1%

Front 37

The oceanic crust is how much percent of the earth's crust?

Back 37

65%

Front 38

How thick is the oceanic crust?

Back 38

8 miles thick

Front 39

Is oceanic crust more or less dense than continental crust?

Back 39

more dense

Front 40

Is oceanic crust younger or older than continental crust?

Back 40

younger

Front 41

The continental crust takes up how much percent of the earth's crust?

Back 41

35%

Front 42

How thick is the continental crust?

Back 42

100 miles

Front 43

Is the continental crust more or less dense than the oceanic crust?

Back 43

less dense--it floats on the mantle.

Front 44

Define a rock.

Back 44

a consolidated aggregate of mineral grains, particles of other rocks, or organic material

Front 45

Define a mineral.

Back 45

naturally occurring, inorganic solids that make up rocks

Front 46

What is an igneous rock made from?

Back 46

fire

Front 47

Where do igneous rocks form?

Back 47

inside or outside the earth

Front 48

What is an intrusive rock?

Back 48

also known as a plutonic rock: it is formed inside the earth and crystallizes from cooling magma

Front 49

What is magma?

Back 49

molten rock beneath the earth's surface

Front 50

What is an extrusive rock?

Back 50

also known as a volcanic rock: it is formed outside the earth from cooling lava

Front 51

How is a metamorphic rock formed?

Back 51

from heat and pressure. it is either an altered or changed form of another rock, but does not melt

Front 52

Where do metamorphic rocks form?

Back 52

inside the earth

Front 53

What distinguishing feature does a foliated metamorphic rock have?

Back 53

layers

Front 54

What do non-foliated metamorphic rocks look like?

Back 54

they don't have layers and are just a block

Front 55

Where do sedimentary rocks form?

Back 55

on top of the earth, sometimes buried a little

Front 56

What is lithification?

Back 56

hardening of rocks with the cementation after being buried

Front 57

what is a detrital sedimentary rock?

Back 57

it is composed of solid particles that were once part of other rocks

Front 58

what is a chemical sedimentary rock?

Back 58

it is derived from accumulation of biological or inorganic chemical precipitants

Front 59

Who is James Hutton?

Back 59

he discovered/invented the rock cycle

Front 60

What is the basic theme of the rock cycle?

Back 60

all rocks have been recycled throughout time and will continue doing so