Esci 1001- Geology And Cinema Quiz #4

Front 1

A graded stream is no longer moving sediment?

Back 1

False

Front 2

A one-hundred year flood could happen two years in a row?

Back 2

True

Front 3

A rocket launched to the north from the equator would appear to deflect to the

Back 3

East

Front 4

A well-sorted gravel is likely to have greater porosity than a silty sandstone (sandstone with some silt sized grains?

Back 4

True

Front 5

All groundwater is fresh?

Back 5

False

Front 6

Basal sliding in glaciers happens year round?

Back 6

False

Front 7

Deltas can form in lakes?

Back 7

True

Front 8

Freshwater is less dense than salt water?

Back 8

True

Front 9

Glacial ice below the snowline formed there?

Back 9

False

Front 10

Glacial sediment is called what?

Back 10

Till

Front 11

Glacial valleys are V-shaped?

Back 11

False

Front 12

Glaciers are just large bodies of ice and snow?

Back 12

False

Front 13

Groundwater commonly moves at velocities of meters a day or more?

Back 13

False

Front 14

Hurricanes rotate counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere?

Back 14

True

Front 15

Ice can both flow and crack?

Back 15

True

Front 16

Ice in glaciers slides and shears?

Back 16

True

Front 17

Ice thoroughly sorts the sediment it transports?

Back 17

False

Front 18

If you melt all the ice on the planet, very little land will be left exposed?

Back 18

False

Front 19

Mantle outgassing occurs everywhere and at all times as water slowly escapes the mantle?

Back 19

False

Front 20

Most of the world's oceans are underlain by abyssal plains?

Back 20

True

Front 21

Most of the world's water is saline?

Back 21

True

Front 22

Natural levees form primarily during floods?

Back 22

True

Front 23

Oceans cover about what percentage of the planet?

Back 23

70%

Front 24

On which side of a river bend would you expect to find a sand or point bar?

Back 24

Inside

Front 25

Permeability varies little between different rock types?

Back 25

False

Front 26

Retreating glaciers flow uphill?

Back 26

False

Front 27

Small, steep mountain streams have higher competence than major trunk streams?

Back 27

False

Front 28

Stream long profiles are concave up?

Back 28

True

Front 29

Streams with high discharge and low sediment supply can erode below base level?

Back 29

False

Front 30

Terminal moraines form as the flowing ice in a glacier bulldozes sediment?

Back 30

False

Front 31

The downwind side of mountains typically receives more rain than the upwind side?

Back 31

False

Front 32

The ease of erosion of clasts increases as the size of the clasts decreases, continuing to the smallest clast sizes?

Back 32

False

Front 33

The most reasonable velocity for glacier flow is?

Back 33

50 m/year

Front 34

The oceans are really one interconnected ocean?

Back 34

True

Front 35

The peak discharge during a one-hundred year flow is exactly twice that of a fifty-year flood?

Back 35

False

Front 36

The residence time of water in the atmosphere is about two weeks?

Back 36

True

Front 37

The residence time of water in the oceans in about two weeks?

Back 37

False

Front 38

The water in Earth's oceans today has been there since the formation of the planet?

Back 38

False

Front 39

The water table is visible within 1 km of the classroom?

Back 39

True

Front 40

There is no strong evidence that the amount of water on Earth's surface has changed dramatically in the last 100 Ma?

Back 40

True

Front 41

Turbulent flow is better at carrying sediment?

Back 41

True

Front 42

Urban construction, especially concrete, has reduced the likelihood of flooding in urban floodplains?

Back 42

False

Front 43

Water can both leave the mantle and go back in?

Back 43

True

Front 44

Water in the hydrosphere may have be from (at least in part) from comets?

Back 44

True

Front 45

What typically happens with distance downstream to the average size of clasts carried by a river?

Back 45

Decreases

Front 46

Which of the following is the least likely cause of a stream terrace?

Back 46

rise in stream base level

Front 47

Which type of sediment transport has the fastest average sediment velocity?

Back 47

Suspended Load

Front 48

How much of earth's water is ocean?

Back 48

97.2%

Front 49

What is groundwater?

Back 49

Water stored in the subsurface in pores and cracks.

Front 50

What is porosity?

Back 50

The ratio of void volume to total volume of a material

Front 51

What is permeability?

Back 51

the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through an interconnecting network of pores

Front 52

What is an aquifer?

Back 52

porous sediment or rocks that transmit water easily

Front 53

What is an aquitard?

Back 53

sediment or rocks with very low permeability

Front 54

What is "unconfined?"

Back 54

if water can percolate down to it from the surface

Front 55

What is "confined?

Back 55

if water cannot reach it from surface

Front 56

What is the zone of aeration?

Back 56

near-surface region where pore space is not filled

Front 57

What is the zone of saturation?

Back 57

deeper regions where pores are filled

Front 58

What is the water table?

Back 58

the surface separating the zones of aeration and saturation

Front 59

What is laminar fluid flow?

Back 59

Parallel streamlines

Front 60

What is turbulent flow?

Back 60

Crossing streamlines, mixingq

Front 61

What is a sediment load?

Back 61

total of all sediment carried by a flow (stream or air)

Front 62

What is a channel?

Back 62

path of water except at flood stage

Front 63

What is a natural levee?

Back 63

sediment banks rimming channel

Front 64

What is a flood plain?

Back 64

flats bordering channel and covered during floods

Front 65

What is a stream valley?

Back 65

topographic highs delimiting floodplain

Front 66

What is a thalweg?

Back 66

path of fastest flow, usually above deepest portion of the stream channel

Front 67

What is a peneplain?

Back 67

Nearly flat surface produced by meandering streams and denudation (erosion)

Front 68

Are long profiles concave up or down?

Back 68

Up

Front 69

What is an alluvial fan?

Back 69

Result of ephemeral streams suddenly dumping sediment at mountain front and creates fan-shaped apron of coarse sediment

Front 70

What is a delta?

Back 70

Sedimentary deposit formed where streams enter standing water

Front 71

What is a flood?

Back 71

River “stage” exceeds level of stream channel

Front 72

What percentage of the world does the oceans cover?

Back 72

71%

Front 73

What is the average salinity of the ocean?

Back 73

35%

Front 74

What is a gyre?

Back 74

Circular surface currents

Front 75

What is a tsunami caused by?

Back 75

Caused by sudden displacement of ocean floor

Front 76

One can discern the direction of longshore drift by examining the amount of sand on the two sides of a jetty or groin?

Back 76

True

Front 77

Surface currents and water waves are the same thing?

Back 77

False

Front 78

Surface currents rotate clockwise in the northern hemisphere?

Back 78

True

Front 79

The Atlantic Ocean off of the east coast of the US has high salinity because evaporation significantly exceeds precipitation there?

Back 79

True

Front 80

The cations that comprise part of ocean salinity are largely from terrestrial weathering?

Back 80

True

Front 81

The net transport of water is parallel to average wind direction?

Back 81

False

Front 82

Thermohaline circulation is driven by density variations of seawater?

Back 82

True

Front 83

Tsunamis are just long wavelength ocean waves?

Back 83

True

Front 84

Wave base is about what fraction of wavelength deep?

Back 84

One-half

Front 85

Wave refraction creates longshore drift or, at least, accentuates it?

Back 85

False

Front 86

What would have the higher angle of repose?

Back 86

A mixture of sand and gravel

Front 87

Which of the following is a place where surface water descends to form deep water?

Back 87

The North Atlantic

Front 88

Which of the following is not a means of removing dissolved content from ocean water?

Back 88

Volcanic outgassing

Front 89

Which of the following is not a potential sink of sand to a beach?

Back 89

Offshore transport

Front 90

Which of the following is not a potential source of sand to a beach?

Back 90

None of the above

Front 91

Which value is closest to the amplitude of the tides in open water?

Back 91

I m

Front 92

Which value is closest to the average salinity of ocean water?

Back 92

40 per mil

Front 93

Without a moon, Earth would not have ocean tides?

Back 93

False