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52 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what are 5 factors that control streams behavior
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average width and depth of channel
channel gradient average velocity of water sediment load discharge=amount of water passing a point during a given internal of time |
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discharge is measured in?
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m^3/s Q= W * D * V
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volume of material thats filled with air or water compared to volume of solids
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porosity
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measure of ease of moving water through the pore space
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permeability
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what are the 8 main ions in sea water that cause 99% of salinity?
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Chlorine 55
NA 31 So4 7.7 Mg 3.7 Ca 1 K 1 HC03 .4 Br .2 |
can not see men cause ken hurt bob they go down percentage as the list goes on
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will form in a protected bowl shaped depression on a mountainside
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cirque glacier
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cirque glacier that expands into a mountain valley
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Valley Glacier
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glacier found in a flooded valley
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Fjord Glacier
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Formed at high latitudes and cover land surface
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Ice Cap
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continent sized glacier found in Greenland and Antartica consists of 95% galcier ice. Can be up to 3,000 meters thick.
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Ice Sheet
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occurs in large embayments along coast of antartica
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ice shelf
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extends from surface to 100-50m depth consists of relatively warm water, mixed layer driven by wind waves temperature changes
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surface zone
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thermocline, helocline, pycnocline (temperature, salintiy, and density)
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zone without a name
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80% of oceans volume cold, salinity is high, density is high
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Deep Zone
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the total area that contributes water to a stream
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Drainage Basin
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portion of precipitation that flows over the land surface
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run off
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water that flows down slope along clearly defined material passageway
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streams
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large subcircular current system
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gyres
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water moves at a 90 degree angle to world
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Echman Transport
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upwelling- occur at low latitudes on western margins of continents
Echman transport causes water to move offshore causes upwelling of cool nutrient rich underlying water |
Gyres with Echman Transport
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if winds that are moving onshore carries water- water towards shore water pushed down along continental margin
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downwelling
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is a complex mixture of gases and aerosol
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atmosphere
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what are the 4 types of spheres??
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troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere
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0-15 km, Temperature decreases with altitude, air warmed at surface and rises, colder air sinks from above to take its place-endless circulation
top is higher at equator & lower at poles |
troposphere
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15-20 km, temperature increase with altitude - warmer at top because O zone absorbs ultra violet rays from sun. It absorbs the most UV rays at top least at the bottom
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Stratosphere
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50-80 km, temperature decrease with altitude
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mesosphere
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(80-500 km) Temperature increasing with altitude due to absorption of solar radiation by bombardment of protons and electrons from solar wind.
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Thermosphere
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horizontal air movement arising from differences in air pressure. Air pressure is related to density high pressure = air compressed - more compressed air the more dense it becomes
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wind
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20 km/hr 12 m/hr
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pleasant breeze
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45 km/hr 28 m/hr
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tree branches sway
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65 km/hr 40 m/hr
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tree branches start to break
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90 km/hr 56 m/hr
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trees uprooted
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180 km/hr 112 m/hr
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can pick up cars, people, trailors. These demonstrate hurricaines and tornados
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what are the 3 factors that affect wind speed and direction?
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air pressure gradients, coriolis effect, friction
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drop in pressure per unit distance
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air pressure gradients
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deviation from a straight line due to earths rotation
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coriolis effect
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resistance to movement when 2 bodies are in contact
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friction
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what are some factors of environmental glaciers as archives??
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glacier ice can be used to determine past environmental conditions, oldest ice in glacier can be several hundreds-thousands yrs old, scientists take ice cores and examine stratigroaphy,isotopes can tell us the temperature was when ice forms, major volcanic erruptions can be recorded
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layers or bodies of material that allow for useable flow of water
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aquifer
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melt water forms at very base of glacier due to pressure from overlying ice and snow
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basal sliding
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what are environmental factors do glaciers need to form?
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low temperature
close proxemity to a moisture source |
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how do glaciers move?
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internal flow
basal sliding |
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what are the 2 zones beneath Earths surface related to groundwater
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unsaturated zone and saturated zone
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composed of air filled spaces above water table
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unsaturated zone
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water filled spaces
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saturated zone
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upper surface of water filled pores, spaces, and fractures in the bedrock and in the soil
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water table
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what are the 2 types of channel morphology?
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meandering and braided
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repeatedly divides and reunites as it flows through 2 or more adjacent channels
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braided
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the velocity across any part is not the same. The max. velocity is in the middle channel where its usually straight. As water rounds a bend in the channel the max. velocity is found on the outside inner side velocity is slowest
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meandering
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what are the 2 types of loads?
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bed load and suspended load
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coarse particles that move along the stream bed 5-50% of total sediment load in stream
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bed load
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fine particles that are carried in suspension dissolved load contains Hc03, CA, S04, Cl, NA, mg, X from chemical weathering.
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suspended load
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