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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Geology
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the branch of earth science that studies all aspects of the planet
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Geological record
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Information preserved in the rock that have been formed over time
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Principal of unifomitarianism
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The concept that the processes we see now have been the same in the past
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topography
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a measuring system with respect to sea level measuring the 3D features of the earth's surfaces
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Seismic Waves
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Vibrations from brittle rock fracturing due to an earthquake
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Crust depth % of earths mass
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0-40km 0.4%
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Mantle depth and % of earths mass
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40-2890km 67.1%
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outter core depth % of earths mass
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2890-5150km 30.8%
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inner core depth % of earths mass
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5150-6370km 1.7%
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Wiechert's theory
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The earths composition is due to gravity (heavy rocks go deeper)
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Atmosphere
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gases envolope that extends from the earth's surface and extends from the earth's surface to 100km above sea level
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Hydrosphere
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all surface water
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cryosphere
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all surface ice
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Biosphere
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all surface life
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Lithosphere
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Strong rocky outter shell of the solid earth containing crust and upper mantle (-100km)
-Forms Plate Tectonics- |
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Asthenosphere
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Weak Ductile layer of mantle that deforms to accommodate for plate shifts
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Deep mantle
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Mantle beneath the Asthenosphere
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Outer core
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outer sphere of the core composed of liquid iron
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inner part of the core
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inner solid core composed of mainly iron
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Continental drift
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Large scale movement of continents
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Sea Floor Spreading
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When continents move apart creating more sea floor
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Volcanic Arc
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Volcanoes created along a trench line
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Oceanic spreading center
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Spreading along a mid ocean ridge creating more ocean
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Continental rift zone
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Spreading apart of continents creating more land (characterized by Rift valleys)
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Ocean Ocean Convercence
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Ocean plates are pushed one over the other
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Ocean continental conversion
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continental plate is pushed OVER an ocean plate. Creates Volcanoes
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Continent Continent Conversion
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When one plate is pushed over another one and they create mountains
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Continental Transformation falt
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Continental Plates move parallel past each other creating fault lines
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Mid-Ocean Ridge transformation fault
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Mid ocean ridges get off-set by transfomation fault boudaries
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Minerology
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The branch of geology that studies the composition, structure, appearance, stability, and associations of minerals
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Mineral
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a naturally occurring, solid crystalline substance with specific chemical composition and is usually inorganic
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Crystallization
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The formation of a solid mineral from a gas or liquids whose constituent atoms come together in the proper chemical proportions and ordered 3D arrangement
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Ionic Bond
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Bond between 2 differtly charged particles
Simplest most common |
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Covalent bond
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Bond formed from sharing electrons
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Transformation Fault Boundaries
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Plate area does not change
1. Continental transformation fault 2. Mid-Ocean ridge transformation |
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Convergent Boundaries
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area decreases
1. Ocean ocean convergence 2. Ocean Continent conversion 3. Continent continent conversion |
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Divergent boundaries
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Area increases
1. Oceanic Spreading Center 2. Continental Rift Zone |
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Geodynamo
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the convectional motion of the liquid outer core creating the earths magnetic field
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Climate System
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1 atmosphere
2 hydrosphere 3 cryosphere 4 Biosphere 5*lithosphere |
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The plate tectonic system
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1*lithosphere
2 athenosphere 3 Deep Mantle |
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The geodynamo system
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1 outer core
2 inner core |
