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71 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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ErosionalCoastline |
Removesediment and cut into rock, reefs and marshes |
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DepositionalCoastline |
Causesediment to accumulate and marshes or reefs to grow |
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What processes (both natural and human-induced)can change the sediment supply to a coastline? (Natural) |
Waves, Storms, Currents |
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What processes (both natural and human-induced)can change the sediment supply to a coastline? (Human) |
Jetty’s, Groins, Seawall |
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BarrierIsland |
long, narrow, offshore deposits ofsand or sediment that run parallel to the coastline |
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Beach |
A sandy shore between highand low water |
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Estuary |
A river flowing through alarge wide stream leading into the ocean( free connection ) |
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Longshore Current |
An ocean current that movesparallel to the shore |
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Delta |
the formation of sedimentnear an estuary, contains beach, and sand |
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Spit |
deposition bar or beachfound off coasts |
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Tidal Flat |
Muddy or sandy area that is covered with water at high tide and exposed at low tide |
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Marine Terrace |
An elevated wave-cut platform that is bounded on its seaward side by a cliff or a steep slope |
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Seawall |
Formof coastal defense against the sea. It is placed in order to protect thelandforms behind it, usually human habitation |
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Groin |
Smaller,perpendicular shore structures, built to trap sand and stabilize a sandy beach |
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Jetty |
Long, perpendicular shorestructures built to stabilize channels |
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MountainGlaciation |
Cirques,Aretes, Horns |
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ContinentalGlaciation |
• Drumlin, Esker |
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Cirque |
: half open, steep sided hollow at the head of a valley or mountainside |
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Tarn |
A small mountain lake in a cirque |
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Horn |
Steep-sided, pyramid-shaped peak produced by headward erosion of several cirques |
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Arête: |
Thin, crest of rock leftafter two adjactent glaciers have worn a steep ridge into rock. The thin edgedside connecting to horns |
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U-Shaped Glacial Valley/ Glacial Trough |
U-shaped, steep-walled, glaciated valley formed by the scouring action of a valley glacier |
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Hanging Valley |
Glacial trough of a tributary glacier, elevated above the main trough |
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Paternoster Lakes |
Chain of small lakes in a glacial trough |
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Moraine |
Any glacially formed accumulation of soil and rock that occur in glaciated regions |
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Terminal Moraine |
Ridge of till that formed along the leading edge of the end of the glacier |
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Recessional Moraine |
Ridge of till that forms close to the terminal moraine and is usually parallel to terminal moraine |
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Lateral Moraine |
A body of rock fragments within the side of a valley glacier where it touches bedrock and scours rock fragments from the side of the valley |
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Ground Moraine |
Sheetlike layer of till left on the landscape by a receding glacier |
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Kettle Lake |
Shallow sediment filled body of water formed by retreading glaciers. Very wide usually, 10-1000 meters wide. |
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Drumlin |
Elongated mound or hill in the shape of an inverted spoon or laying egg. Long axis is parallel to ice flow. Has a blunt end in the direction where the ice came from, and a long tail the direction is is flowing |
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Esker |
Long, winding ridge of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater streams |
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Glacial Till |
Unsorted glacial sediment |
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Slope/Gradient |
Grade measured by the ratio of drop in elevation of a stream per unit horizontal distance, expressed as feet/mile |
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Discharge/Load |
The volume of water flowing through a channel at any given point |
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Base level |
Lowest point to which a river can flow, mouth of the river. For large rivers, sea level is usually at the base level. |
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Flood Plain |
Flat area with areas of elevation higher on both sides. Develop when alluvium accumulates landward of river banks |
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Leeve |
an embankment built to prevent the overflow of a river. Higher than the rest of the floodplain |
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Stream Terrace |
deposits of old floodplainswhich form an elevated area bove a valley floor. A stream runs through thatvalley floor |
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Meander |
A river following a winding course |
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Cut bank |
River cliff, or river-cut cliff, which is continually undergoing erosion |
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Point Bar |
Formed as a secondary flow of streams sweeps and rolls sand, gravel and small stones laterally across floor of the stream |
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Oxbox lake |
Crescent shaped lake lying alongside a winding river. No longer connected to the main stream |
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Sinuosity |
Measure of how much a stream meanders side to side, the way a snake crawls. Length A-B measured along path of water flow / length A-B measured in straight line |
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Braided Stream |
Stream consisting of multiple small, shallow channels that divide and recombine numerous times forming a resembling strands of a braid |
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Alluvial Fan |
Fan or cone shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams |
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Drainage Patterns: Dendritic |
Branch like a tree. Develops on flat lying rock |
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Drainage Patterns: Radial |
Channels radiate outward like spokes of a wheel from high point |
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Drainage Patterns: Trellis |
Pattern of channels resembling a vine growing on a trellis. Main stream channel cuts through ridges and main tributaries flow along the valleys |
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Drainage Patterns: Rectangular |
Channels have right angles |
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Drainage Patterns: Annular |
Long channels form a pattern of concentric circles connected by short radial channels. Develops on eroded domes |
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Stream Classification: Straight |
Straight stream heading downward |
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Stream classification: Meander |
One stream following a windy trail |
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Stream classification: Braided |
Many streams connecting to each other in a braid like formation |
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Water Table |
The level below which the ground is saturated with water |
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Saturated Zone |
Area in an aquifer below the water table, in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water |
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Unsaturated zone |
Portion of sub surface above groundwater table. Soil and rock in zone contains air as well as water in its pores |
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Aquifer |
Rock strata that conduct water |
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Unconfined Aquifer |
Groundwater establishes a water table just beneath the surface of the land |
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Confined Aquifer |
Overlain by low permeability, confining layer often made up of clay |
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Porosity/Permeability |
Measure of how much of a rock is open space. Between grains or within cracks or cavities of rock |
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Artesian Well |
Confined aquifer containing groundwater under positive pressure. Water flows naturally from the top of well |
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Confining layer |
Continuous layer of low permeability sediment or rock unit that is above or below an aquifer |
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Karst Topography |
Distinctive topography that indicates dissolution of underlying soluble rock, generally made of limestone |
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Sinkholes |
Surface depressions formed by the collapse of caves |
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Caves and Caverns |
Formed by the dissolution of limestone |
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Disappearing Streams |
A stream that loses water as it travels downstream. Terminate abruptly by seeping into the ground |
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Solution Valleys |
Valley0like depressions formed by a linear series of sinkholes or collapse of the roof of a linear cave |
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Good Aquifers |
Sand, Limestone |
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Bad Aquifers |
Shale |
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Subsidence |
Caving in or sinking of land |
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