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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the difference between physical and historical geology?
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Historical considers the chronology of events in the past and physical is about understanding processes and materials.
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ANGULAR UNCONFORMITY
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an uncomformity b/t nonparallel strata
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NONCONFORMITY
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uncomformity b/t sed rock/sed & non-sed rock
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What is the mesosphere?
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It is the mantle between the core and the asthenosphere. It is like silly puddy.
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FAULTS
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breaks in rock units along which movement has occurred
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QUADRANGLE
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a section of Earth's surface that is bounded by lines of latitude and longitude
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DECLINATION
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difference in degrees (like the difference b/t compass north and true north)
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PHOTOREVISION
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aerial photos used to discover changes on the landscape
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BENCHMARK
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permanent marker placed by the U.S. Geological Survey or Bureau of Land Management at the point indicated on the map (elevation)
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RELIEF
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difference in elevation b/t 2 points on a map
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GRADIENT
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measure of the steepness of a slope
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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
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constellation of 28 navigational satellites in 12-hour orbits about 12,000 miles above Earth
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BEARING
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compass direction along a line from one point to another
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FLIGHT LINE
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route flown by the photographing aircraft
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STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
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study of how geologic units are arranged when first formed and how they are deformed afterward
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GEOLOGIC MAP
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shows the distribution of rocks at Earth's surface
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FORMATIONS
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mappable units that can be recognized and traced across the map area
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MEMBERS
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what formations are subdivided into
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CONTACTS
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boundaries b/t geologic units
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GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION
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a drawing of a vertical slice through Earth, with material in front removed
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
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combo of geologic map & cross section
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ATTITUDE
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orientation of a rock formation or surface
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STRIKE
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compass bearing of a line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane and an inclined stratum, fault, fracture, or other surface
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DIP
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the angle b/t a horizontal plane and the inclined stratum, fault, or fracture
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DIP ANGLE
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inclination of the water line down from the horizontal plane
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DISCONFORMITY
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uncomformity b/t relatively parallel strata
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NORMAL FAULTS
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caused by tension
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REVERSE FAULT
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caused by compression
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THRUST FAULT
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reverse fault that develops at a very low angle and may be difficult to recognize
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STRIKE SLIP FAULT
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caused by shear
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ANTIFORMS
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upfolds or convex folds in rock layers (if oldest rocks in middle it is an anticline)
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SYNFORMS
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downfolds or concave folds (youngest rocks in middle than it is a syncline)
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PLUNGE
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angle b/t the fold axis and horizontal
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MONOCLINES
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folds that have 2 axial planes that separate 2 nearly horizontal limbs from a more steeply inclined limb
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DOMES
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large somewhat circular structures formed when strata are warped upward, strata oldest at the center
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BASINS
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large somewhat circular structures formed when strata are warped downward, youngest at the center
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ALLUVIUM
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gravel, sand, silt, and clay deposited in floodplains, point bars, channel bars, deltas, and alluvial fans
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DENDRITIC PATTERN
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resembles branching of a tree
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RECTANGULAR PATTERN
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network of channels with right-angle bends that form a pattern of interconnected rectangles & squares
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RADIAL PATTERN
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channel flow outward from a central area, like the spokes of a wheel
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CENTRIPETAL PATTERN
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channels converge on a central point, often a lake or playa, at the center of a closed basin
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ANNULAR PATTERN
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set of incomplete, concentric rings of streams connected by short radial channels
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TRELLIS PATTERN
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resembles a rose trellis, where the main streams are long, parallel, and intersected at nearly right angles by their tributaries
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