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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Earth's layers?
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Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust
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What is the thickest layer of the earth?
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Mantle
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What are the two different types of crusts?
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Continental and Oceanic
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What is the lowest layer of the earth made out of?
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Iron and Nickel. Molten Outer Core with a Solid Inner Core.
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Which is stronger- the asthenosphere or the lithosphere?
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Lithosphere
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Describe the Asthenosphere.
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hot and weak. Mostly Solid.
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What is isostacy?
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Relationship between crustal thickness and elevation
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Why Are Some Regions Higher In Elevation than Others?
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Thick blocks higher than thin blocks. Dense Materials are lower.
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What are sedimentary rocks?
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Rocks formed in normal surface environments.
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What are the three types of rocks?
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Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic.
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How are Rocks Formed in Hot or Deep Conditions?
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Explosive eruption of ash
, Eruption of lava, Solidification of magma at depth, Heating near magma, and Increased temperature and pressure |
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What is an Igneous Rock?
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Rocks formed by Magma
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What is an Metamorphic?
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Rocks Changed by heat and pressure:
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What Can Happen to a Rock?
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Solidification, Melting, Weathering, Erosion and transport, Deposition, Deformation and metamorphism
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What is a mineral?
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Solid, Natural, Inorganic, Ordered internal structure and it has a Specific chemical composition
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crystalline rock
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Rocks composed of crystals.
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Clastic Rocks
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Composed of pieces
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Properties to Distinguishing One Mineral from Another
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Crystal form. Color, Luster, Cleavage,
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Tests to Help Identify Minerals
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Effervescence, Hardness, Streak, Density, Magnetism
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What Controls a Crystal’s Shape?
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Internal structure of halite
, Sizes and packing of atoms. |
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Crystal Lattice
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Orderly arrangement of atoms
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How Are Atoms Arranged in a Mineral?
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Cubic, Tetrahedron, Octahedron
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Independent Tetrahedra
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Tetrahedra bond to other elements, not other tetrahedra
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Single Chains
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Tetrahedra bond together to form single chains
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Double Chains
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Tetrahedra bond to form double chains
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Framework
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Tetrahedra bonded together and with other elements in 3D framework
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Color Index
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% of mafic minerals
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What happens when water is added to rocks?
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Lowers Melting Temperature
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How Does Water Get Into a Subduction Zone?
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Hot water circulates in ridge; added in pores and in minerals
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Viscosity
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Resistance to Flow
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High viscosity:
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lava spreads out, Lower temp. and abundant silica chains
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Low viscosity:
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lava piles up, Higher temp. and fewer silica chains
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Physical Weathering
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Fracturing, Frost and Mineral wedging, Roots and other biologic activity
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Chemical Weathering
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Oxidation, Biological Reactions, Hydrolysis, Dissolution
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Clast Sizes
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Sand: Coarse, medium, fine
Clay and silt Boulders, cobbles, pebbles |
