Geol Test 4

Front 1

What is the largest river in North America?

Back 1

Mississippi

Front 2

What are some affects on stream velocity?

Back 2

Stream gradient
Stream Discharge
Channel Shape
Channel Size

Front 3

The amount of meandering that occurs in a stream influences the gradient is which of the following ways?

Back 3

With more Meanders, the stream gradient decreases.

Front 4

What type of drainage pattern would you expect to find developing on rocks that have been folded and exposed by differential erosion over time

Back 4

a trellis drainage pattern

Front 5

While working on a stream in your field study area, you find that the channel with is 20 meters, the channel depth is 2 meters, and the velocity is 1.2 meters/ sec. What is the discharge of the stream?

Back 5

48m3/s

Front 6

Which zone is located in the most biological activity?

Back 6

the zone of soil moisture

Front 7

In terms of freshwater storage, groundwater is second only to what sources.

Back 7

Glaciers

Front 8

The majority of ground water is stored within which of the following zones?

Back 8

the zone of saturation

Front 9

During a summer with little rainfall, your house on a hill slope experiences an interval during you well runs dry. You have to borrow water from your neighbor who lives downslope from you. Why does you neighbor have water when you don't?

Back 9

as the water table drops due to the lack of precipitation, it goes below the base of your well.

Front 10

How would the water table be affected if Earth were made up of uniform, permeable material?

Back 10

The water table would not exist.

Front 11

What does groundwater discharge to Earth's surface?

Back 11

Earth's surface is irregular, and permeability decreases with depth within Earth.

Front 12

What would produce a lower water table?

Back 12

an increase in the amount of discharge to surface water
a decrease in the amount of recharged to ground water

Front 13

How does the use of water by humans affect the water table?

Back 13

use of water by humans increases discharge, resulting in lowered water table

Front 14

What is the water table?

Back 14

the top of the saturated zone beneath Earth's surface.

Front 15

Water Related Landforms

Back 15

even in the desert, water is an important erosional and depositional fore which shapes the land.

Front 16

Role of water in arid climates

Back 16

Desert stream are said to be ephemeral
Flow depends on the amount of rainfall
Most of the erosion work in a desert is done by running water
Carry water only during periods of rain fall.
Practically all stream beds are dry most of the time.

Front 17

Transportation of sediment by wind

Back 17

Wind is less capable of picking up and transporting coarse materials.
Wind is not confined to channels and can spread sediment over large areas

Front 18

Two main types of wind transport

Back 18

Bead Load: dominantly sand grains carried by the wind.
Sand grains are transported by saltation
Suspended load: slit grains are most common

Front 19

Wind deposition
Two types of wind deposits

Back 19

Dunes;
Mounds or ridges of sand
Often asymmetrically shaped
Windward slope is gently inclined and the leeward slope is called the slip face
Wind deposits its sediment load when the velocity decreases
Significant depositional landforms are created by wind in some regions

Front 20

Foundation fo Sand dunes

Back 20

Windward slope and leeward slope-slipface

Front 21

Wind deposits

Back 21

loess;
Blankets of windblown slit
Two primary sources are deserts and glacial outwash deposits
Extensive deposits occur in China and the central U.S.

Front 22

Basin and Range; Evolution of a desert landscape

Back 22

Characterized by interior drainage
Landscape evolution int eh Basin and Range regionUplift of mountain-block faulting
Interior drainage into basins produce; Alluvial fans, Bajadas, Playas and Playa lakes

Front 23

Interior drainage

Back 23

has unconnected patterns of streams which do not flow to the ocean because of lack of water

Front 24

Bajadas

Back 24

Forms when several alluvial fans merge.

Front 25

Playa lakes

Back 25

are temporary features and the amount of time they are present depends on the amount of precipitation.

Front 26

Playas

Back 26

are sediment that is left once the playa lake dries up

Front 27

Structurally controlled Landforms

Back 27

are landforms whose development has been affected to a dominant degree by either their geological structure or their lithology.

Front 28

Desert- a definition

Back 28

a virtually barren area of land where precipitation is minimal and sporadic, limiting vegetation growth. The mean annual rain fall is usually below 10 in.
This includes the Antarctica.

Front 29

Antarctica desert

Back 29

heavy snowfall occur when cyclonic storms pick up moisture from the surrounding seas and then deposit this moisture as snow along the coasts. Unlike other deserts, there is little evaporation from Antarctica, so the relatively little snow that does fall, doesn't go away again. Instead it builds up over hundreds and thousands of years into enormously thick ice sheets.

Front 30

Differential Heat

Back 30

allows air to circulate globally

Front 31

The Differential heating allows air to circulate globally

Back 31

Air is heated at the equator and rises: cools at the poles and sinks. This is a gigantic convection current, just like in the Earth's mantle. Air is heated at the equator and rises, traveling northward and southward toward the poles cooling there and sinking toward the ground, where it travels away from theW poles and returns to the equatorial region

Front 32

Why do the deserts form?

Back 32

at about 20-30 degrees N and S latitude, dry, cool air sinks toward the surface, building a stable region of high pressure air which is quite dry.

Front 33

Why do the deserts form 2:

Back 33

from this global air circulation, moist air rises at the equator and cools as it rises, causing abundant rainfall near the equator. On the other end at about 20-30 degrees N and S latatude, dry , clool air sinks toward teh surface, building a stable region of high presure air which is quite dry. Because of the long-term stability, the climate near the ground is arid -forming subtropical deserts like the Sahara and Kalahari

Front 34

Desert Types

Back 34

1. Subtropical; Sahara, Kalahari- Africa
2. Polar; Dry valleys in Antarctica
3. Rain Shadow; Western US; Mojave, Great Basin
4. Continental' Gobi - Mongolia
5. Costal; Baja, Namib-Africa