Geol Test 3

Front 1

The point within Earth from which earthquake wave energy radiates is known by which of the following terms?

Back 1

Focus

Front 2

On average, how many damaging earthquakes occur each year?

Back 2

1000

Front 3

Most earthquakes are the result of movement along which of the following features?

Back 3

Faults

Front 4

During the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the Pacific Plate moved 4.7 meters (15 feet) north relative to the North American Plate. Which of the following types of stress was exerted on the rocks during this earthquake?

Back 4

Shear stress

Front 5

Which of the following events allows rocks on either side of a fault to rebound elastically, causing an earthquake?

Back 5

Friction along the fault plane is overcome

Front 6

Which type of stress on rock is uniform in all directions?

Back 6

Confining pressure

Front 7

Which type of stress produces most crustal deformation?

Back 7

Differential Stress

Front 8

Which feature is considered a rock structure?

Back 8

Joint, fault, fold, fracture

Front 9

Which type of stress would you expect to find at a transform boundary?

Back 9

Shear

Front 10

Which type of stress would you expect to find at a divergent boundary?

Back 10

Tension

Front 11

The Black Hills of South Dakota are a good example of which feature?

Back 11

Dome

Front 12

Folds exhibit which type of deformation?

Back 12

Ductile

Front 13

Which term is used to describe a fold in which one limb has been tilted far beyond the vertical?

Back 13

Overturned

Front 14

During deformation of sedimentary rocks, which type of stress produces folds?

Back 14

Compressional

Front 15

Folded rocks are uncommon in which tectonic setting?

Back 15

Divergent boundaries

Front 16

What is a fault?

Back 16

Fractures along which ricks move

Front 17

What are rocks below and above a fault called?

Back 17

The footwall below and the hanging wall above

Front 18

Which type of force is responsible for normal fault formation?

Back 18

Tensional force

Front 19

Which type of force is responsible for reverse fault formation?

Back 19

Compressional force

Front 20

Which type of force is responsible for normal strike-slip formation?

Back 20

Shear force

Front 21

Which is not one of the three broad zones describing the ocean floor?

Back 21

Continental slope

Front 22

Which feature would you expect to find at the mouth of a submarine canyon?

Back 22

a deep sea fan

Front 23

Which coast represents an active continental margin?

Back 23

The west coast of South America

Front 24

Moving off the east coast of North America, identify the sequence of environments you would encounter as you move deeper into the Atlantic Ocean.

Back 24

Continental shelf
continental slope
continental rise
abyssal plain

Front 25

Which statement best explains the formation of seamounts?

Back 25

They represent volcanoes situated over mantle plumes that have since moved away from their source of magma and subsided.

Front 26

Which response best explains the absence of volcanoes and earthquakes at a passive continental margin?

Back 26

No earthquakes or volcanoes can occur due to the distance from any active boundaries

Front 27

When considering mass wasting, which of the following factors is most influential in the downslope movement of weathered particles?

Back 27

gravity

Front 28

Which of the following responses are examples of how water can promote mass wasting?

Back 28

Waves and streams can undercut banks and cliffs, causing them to fail.
Water can saturate sediment, reducing the integrity of the slope and allowing it to move.
When water is added to weathered particles, the mass of the sediment is increased, which can cause slope instability.

Front 29

When dry sediment accumulates, the angle of repose represents what property of the deposit?

Back 29

The steepest angle at which those sediments can accumulate and remain stable.

Front 30

The steepest angle at which those sediments can accumulate and remain stable.

Back 30

slight addition of water to the sediment

Front 31

Of the following types of mass wasting, which tends to be the fastest moving and most destructive?

Back 31

rockslides

Front 32

Which of the following examples of mass wasting is characterized by a crescent-shaped scarp or cliff at its head?

Back 32

slump

Front 33

Which of the following types of mass wasting is extremely slow and occurs when saturated soil flows downslope?

Back 33

solifiluction

Front 34

At a local landfill, the liner beneath the trash was being repaired. In the process, trash from the base of the slope was removed and piled on top of the landfill. After an unusually heavy rainfall, the slope failed very quickly along a curved surface. Which of the following types of mass wasting best describes this slope failure?

Back 34

slump

Front 35

During the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, snow and glacial ice on the mountain melted and rushed down the Toutle River. What is the name given to this specific type of mass wasting?

Back 35

Lahar