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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What mineral has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Quartz
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Name the 2 carbonates:
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1) Calcite
2) Dolomite |
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What is the most abundant mineral on the earth?
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Feldspar (potassium and plagioclase)
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What level is a fingernail scratch on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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2.5
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Bonding that involves the transfer of electrons:
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Ionic bonding (i.e. sodium/chlorine)
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What mineral is used to make sheetrock?
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Gypsum
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What are the four criteria used to define a “mineral”?
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Naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid, definite chemical composition
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What mineral is a less expensive substitute for topaz because of its similar golden-yellowish color?
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Citrine
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What mineral has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Topaz
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Streak works best for what type of minerals?
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Metallic minerals
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How do mineral crystals form?
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1)Crystallize from cooling magma
2)Precipitate from solution |
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How can you tell the difference between real gold and “fool’s gold”?
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Use streak property
– Real gold has a gold streak – Pyrite has a black streak |
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Name the 5 Nonferromagnesian silicates:
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1) Potassium feldspar
2) Plagioclase feldspar 3) Quartz 4) Muscovite 5) Clay mineral group |
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Mineral that is used in making fertilizer:
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Dolomite
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To which of the following groups do most minerals in the Earth's crust belong?
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Silicates
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What mineral has a hardness of 2 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Gypsum
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Minerals used in lotions, cosmetics, drilling mud, candy bars, and Kaopectate:
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Clay minerals
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Particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus:
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Neutron
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Which group of rock-forming minerals is always dark in color?
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Ferromagnesian silicates
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What level is glass on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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5.5
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What mineral is commonly used to make cement in the construction industry?
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Calcite
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What is the least reliable indicator of a mineral's identity?
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Color
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Mineral that peels into thin, plastic-like sheets when it is broken:
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Biotite
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What Ferromagnesian silicate mineral is used in making computer chips?
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Olivine
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What mineral has a hardness of 3 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Calcite
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What is the best way to identify a mineral?
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By its chemical composition
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Minerals that are useful for industrial-made ceramics; not for decorative use:
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Feldspars
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What mineral has a hardness of 6 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Orthoclase
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What are the two most common elements in the earth's crust?
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Silicon and oxygen
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Appearance of a mineral in reflected light:
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Luster (usually used for metallic and nonmetallic)
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Bonding that results from the sharing of electrons:
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Covalent bonding (i.e. carbon atoms are bonded in diamonds)
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Rock-forming minerals that contain either iron, magnesium, or both:
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Ferromagnesian silicates
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What gemstone is formed from the mineral olivine?
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Peridot
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How many minerals are used to manufacture the typical computer?
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66
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What mineral has a hardness of 9 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Corundum (ruby)
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What versatile mineral is used to make glass, optical devices, and watches?
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Quartz
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Name the 4 Ferromagnesian silicates:
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1) Pyroxene group
2) Amphibole groupe 3) Biotite 4) Olivine |
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All silicates must contain what 2 things:
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1) The element silica
2) Oxygen |
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Positively charged, reside in the center of the atom called the nucleus:
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Proton
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Since it peels into thin, flexible sheets (almost like plastic wrap), ____ is often is used to insulate electrical wiring.
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Biotite
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What mineral has a hardness of 1 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Talc
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List the 4 categories of rock-forming minerals:
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1)Ferromagnesian silicates
2)Nonferromagnesian silicates 3)Carbonates 4)Sulfates |
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What kind of bond takes place in about 90% of all minerals?
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Ionic bond
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The color of a mineral when it is rubbed across a piece of unglazed tile:
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Streak
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What mineral family does gypsum belong to?
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Sulfates
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What mineral has a hardness of 5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Apatite
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What determines the bonding properties of an element?
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The number of electrons in the outer shell.
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How many minerals are there on Earth?
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3,600
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What mineral has the same properties as biotite, but does not contain iron or magnesium?
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Muscovite
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Rock-forming minerals that are all light in color:
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Nonferromagnesian silicates
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Name the Sulfates:
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Gypsum
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What mineral has a hardness of 4 on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
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Fluorite
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What mineral is easily scratched by a fingernail?
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Gypsum
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