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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fordism |
A system of economic/political organisation - large-scale companies producing standardised goods dominate the economy (end of WWII-mid 1970s) |
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post-Fordism |
Workplace practices - modes of industrial organisation and institutional forms. Flexibility is key, E.G. greater labour diversity or programmable machines. |
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poverty |
A level of resources that defines the people not reaching the minimum standard of living shown in any society at any time. |
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equity |
Justice/fairness in the distribution of aspects of human life. E.G. the distribution of income is equal between men and women, all ethnicities, etc. |
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supply-fix approach |
The belief that the construction of infastructure will negate transport issues. E.G. building more roads will somehow fix traffic congestion. |
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externalities |
(Usually) unintended effects of one person's actions on another (over which the latter has no control). Positive or negative. |
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community |
A social network/group of interacting individuals usually concentrated in a defined territory. |
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liveability |
The degree to which a place satisfies the needs of the people that live there. |
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quality of life |
The state of social well-being of an individual or group. |
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urbanisation |
The process by which an increasing proportion of a national population live in towns/cities. |
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Modernization Theory |
Third World development viewed as a process by which economic and cultural ways of the West is mimicked by the less developed societies. |
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Dependency Theory |
Development and underdevelopment are viewed as different outcomes from the same process. |
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world-systems theory |
Views the world as a single entity, the capitalist world economy, and considers the study of social change to be by the whole world system. |
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colonialism |
The establishment and maintenance of rule for an extended period of time, by a sovereign power (over people/in an area that is separate from the ruling power). |
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demographic transition |
A general model describing the evolution of levels of fertility and mortality in a country over time. |
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informal sector |
A part of the economy that works beyond official recognition. These provide necessary production and labour for the formal sector. |
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modernisation |
A process of social change resulting from the diffusion of the characteristics of advanced societies and their adoption by less advanced societies. |
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squatter-settlements |
Illegal urban development (normally residential), on land neither owned nor rented. |
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pollution |
The release or continued presence of substances that damage the environment. |
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epidemiological transition |
A general mode of the relationship between disease and development. Infectious diseases are the main cause of death in developing countries occasioned by lifestyle. |
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soft states |
Usually a Third World state that governs weak control over the public administration. Laws, etc are more likely to be flouted than in Western countries. |
