Geography Unit 1

Front 1

Sustainable development

Back 1

Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Front 2

Brutland 1) Climate Change and Energy

Back 2

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions whilst at the same time preparing for the climate change that can't be avoided.

Front 3

Brutland 2) Natural Resources

Back 3

The limits of natural resources that sustain life are understood so that they can be used most efficiently (water, air and soil).

Front 4

Brutland 3) Sustainable Communities

Back 4

Places that people live and work in need to be looked after by implementing ideas such as Eco towns and green energy.

Front 5

Brutland 4) Sustainable consumption and production

Back 5

The ways that products are designed, produced, used and disposed of should be carefully controlled.

Front 6

Oil Extraction in Ecuador

Back 6

Miscarriages common
Stomach Cancer 5x more likely in Oriente region due to hydrocarbons
Periwinkle becoming extinct.

Front 7

Mining in Brazil

Back 7

Carajas iron Ore plant uses wood for fuel --> 6100km2 annual deforestation.
River Tapajos is contaminated with Mercury used when gold is mined. 90% of fish caught are affected and cancer rates are high.

Front 8

Mining in Indonesia

Back 8

285,000 tonnes of mining waste are dumped in the River Ahgawaghon every day --> fish polluted --> shortages.
Crocodiles in Teluk and Etna region endangered.

Front 9

Gas Pipeline in Peru

Back 9

Diseases spread which aborigines aren't immune to.
1980's --> 1/2 Nahua people died from Influenza + whooping cough.
Roads are built which let settlers create farms in the Camisea Forest.

Front 10

Logging in Cameroon

Back 10

Roads built for logging open up forest for hunters.
Elephants and Chimpanzees killed and sold to restaurants.
Baka people work in sawmills and inhale toxic chemicals.

Front 11

Oil extraction in Ecuador

Back 11

Miscarriages are common
Stomach cancer 5x likelier in Oriente region due to hydrocarbons in water.
Periwinkle near extinction

Front 12

Mining in Brazil

Back 12

Capajos Iron Ore plant uses wood for fuel --> 6100 km2 annual deforestation.
River Tapajos is contaminated with Mercury used when mining gold --> 90% of all fish caught are contaminated --> Cancer rates high.

Front 13

Mining in Indonesia

Back 13

285,000 tonnes of waste dumped in River Ahgawaghon every day --> pollutes fish--> shortages.
Crocodiles in Etna and Teluk region endangered.

Front 14

Management --> Ecuador

Back 14

As companies didn't help much to damage of Ecuador, the indigenous people took them to court.
Texaco paid $40 million to cover 160 of 600 waste pits they created.
Tribe leader demanded $6 billion.

Front 15

Management --> Venezuela

Back 15

2008 --> The government hasn't issued any more permits to mine gold or diamonds in the Imataca Rainforest Reserve.
They don't need to exploit their minerals for economic reasons.

Front 16

Management --> Madagascar

Back 16

2001 --> Givaudan, swiss company, sent a team to Madagascar.
40 aromas were discovered.
The local communities shared some of the profit through conservation and development initiatives.

Front 17

Management --> Costa Rica

Back 17

Ecotourism! Zip wires and trails have been erected through the 'Cloud Forest' area.

Front 18

Management --> Malaysia

Back 18

Government refused to build coal fired power station in Silam (island of Borneo).
They didn't want to pollute the area and are finding more eco friendly ways for energy.
Developed eco-tourism instead of developing reserves of coal and gold at the expense of the rainforest.
They emphasize natural attractions and diverse tropical rainforest.

Front 19

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Back 19

Efficiency raised from 36-40% which drops CO2 by 25%.
Fitting Amine Scrubbers in chimneys of power stations --> Use Amine solution to remove CO2 from waste gases which removes up to 90% of Carbon Dioxide.

Front 20

Sulfur Dioxide Reduction

Back 20

Scrubbers fitted into the boiler, reduces SO2 emissions from 60 to 95%.
Germany and other HIC's have scrubbers fitted.

Front 21

Nitrous Oxide Reduction

Back 21

Special systems fitted to remove up to 70% of N2O emissions.

Front 22

London Congestion Charge

Back 22

Traffic levels down 21%
65,000 fewer car journeys a day
29,000+ bus passengers entering the zone during the morning peak rush period.
12% more cycle journeys in the zone
12% reduction of N2O emissions.

Front 23

Cambridge Park and Ride

Back 23

4500 parking spaces available
Double Decker buses carrying 70+ passengers every 10 minutes.
£2.20 to get to the city centre
Free Parking
Situated on the peripheries of Cambridge (North, East, South, West)

Front 24

Kyoto Protocol, December 1997

Back 24

Decrease Greenhouse Gas emissions by 5.2% compared to 1990 global levels.
8% limit for EU, 7% for USA, 6% for Japan and 0% for Russia.
Australia can have 8% more and Iceland can have 10% more.
You can trade your carbon credits.

Front 25

Site

Back 25

The human and physical features
S helter from storm and winds
H eight above sea level
A spect (way slope faces)
W ater supply
L and the settlement is built on.

Front 26

Situation

Back 26

The position of the location in relation to it's surroundings
P laces
A ccesibility
R elief
C ommunications

Front 27

Shape

Back 27

The pattern the settlement makes
Nucleated/Linear/Dispersed
Radial/Trellis/Dendritic

Front 28

Nokia

Back 28

44% of all phones are left in a drawer at home.
Nokia are worrying people aren't recycling their old mobiles. 50% change their phone every year.
If every user recycled one phone, 240,000 tonnes of raw materials would be saved.
They give information on their website as to how to recycle their phones (100% of them are recyclable).

Front 29

ASDA

Back 29

Used to send their unused plastic to a landfill site in a skip collected 4x a week.
They installed a baler which compresses the plastic to 10% of its original size and it is now collected once a week.
A company collects the plastic and recycles it into bin bags etc.

Front 30

Manchester Is My Planet

Back 30

Run a pledge campaign to encourage individuals to reduce their carbon footprint and become involved in green energy projects.
Started in 2005, working with council and now have over 20,000 people pledged to work towards a low-carbon future.
'Green Badge Parking Permits' allow people with low-carbon cars to have discounted parking in the city.

Front 31

Greenpeace (NGO)

Back 31

Focusing campaign against climate change on the use of fossil fuels.
1) Capture heat in cooling towers to prevent 2/3 of it being lost.
2) decrease distance energy travels by having local CHPs.
3) Renewable energy (wind farms)
4) low-carbon/electric cars to reduce 22% of UK emissions.
5) Restrict airport construction -> decrease air traffic which has higher emission % than cars.