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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Creative Destruction
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the withdrawal of investments from activities (and regions) that yielld low rates profit in order to reinvest in new activities (and new places)
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Debt Trap
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syndrome of always having to borrow in order to fund development
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Deindustrialization
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a relative decline in industrial employment in core regions
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Dependency
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high level of reliance by a country on foreign enterprises, investment, or technology
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Ecological Footprint
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a measure of the human pressures on the natural environment from the consumption of renewable resources and the production of pollution indicating how much space a population needs compared to what is available
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Export Processing Zones
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small areas with in which especially favorable investment and trading conditions are created by governments in order to attract export oriented industries
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Fordism
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principles for mass production based on assembly-line techniques, scientific management, mass consumption based on higher wages, and sophisticated advertising techniques
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Foreign Direct Investment
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the total of overseas business investments made by private companies
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GDP/GNI
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gross domestic product: an estimate of the total value of all materials, food stuffs, goods, and services produced by a country in a particular year
gross national income: similar to GDP, but also includes the value of income from abroad |
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Import Substitution
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the process by which domestic producers provide goods or services that formerly were bought from foreign producers
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Inflation
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the increase of printed currency that leas to higher prices and international financial differences
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International Division of Labor
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the specialization, by countries, in particular products for export
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Neo-Fordism
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economic principles in which the logic of mass production coupled with mass consumption is modified by the addition of more flexible introduction, distribution and marketing systems
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Newly Industrialized Countries
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countries formerly peripheral with in the world system that have acquired a significant industrial sector, usually through foreign direct investment
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Quatemary Activities
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economic activities that deal with the handling and processing of knowledge and information
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Sustainable Development
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a vision of development that seeks a balance among economic growth, environmental impacts, and social equity
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Terms of Trade
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the ratio of prices at which exports and imports are exchanged
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Transnational Corporations
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companies with investments and activities that span international boundaries and with subsidiary companies, factories, offices, or facilities in several countries
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World Cities
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a city in which a disproportionate part of the world's most important business is conducted
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100 Mile Diet
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only eating food with in a 100 mile radius of where you live; this an exercise more in awareness and to see what is grown locally
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Food Desert
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places in urban areas where individuals don't have access to healthy food options; this is dangerous because it could lead to serious illness and even death
4/5 children in Athens-Clarke county are qualified for federal assistance to have lunch cause they don't have the money |
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PLACE
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promoting local agricultural and local experience
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Agrarian
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referring to the culture of agricultural communities and the type of tenure system that determines access to land and the kind of cultivation practices employed there
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Agricultural Industrialization
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process whereby the farm has moved from being the centerpiece of agricultural production to become one part of an integrated string of vertically organized industrial processes including production, storage, processing, distribution, marketing and retailing
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Biotechnology
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technique that uses living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products to improve plants and animals or to develop microorganisms for specific uses
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Commercial Agriculture
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farming for primarily sale, not direct consumption
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Famine
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acute starvation associated with a sharp increase in mortality
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Food Chain
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five central and connected sectors (inputs, production, product, processing, distribution, and consumption) with four contextual elements acting as external mediating forces (the state, international trade, the physical environment, and credit and finance
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Food Regime
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a specific set of links that exists among food production and consumption and capital investment and accumulation opportunities
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Food Security
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a person, household, or even a country has assured access to enough food at all times to ensure active and healthy lives
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Land Reform
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the redistribution of land by the state with a goal of increasing productivity and reducing social unrest
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Under-nutrition
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inadequate intake of one or more nutrients and/or calories
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Decolonization
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the acquisition, by colonized peoples of control over their own territories
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Democratic Rule
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a system in which public policies and officials are directly chosen by popular vote
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International Organization
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group that includes two or more states seeking political and/or economic cooperation with each other
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Intifada
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uprising against Israel by the Palestinian people
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Nation
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a group of people often sharing common elements of culture, such as religion or language or a history or political identity
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Nation-State
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an ideal form consisting of a homogeneous group of people governed by their own state
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Nationalism
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the feeling of belonging to a nation as well as the belief that a nation has a natural right to determine its own affairs
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New World Order
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the triumph of capitalism over communism, wherein the United States becomes the world's only superpower and therefore its policing force
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Self Determination
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the right of a group with a distinctive politics-territorial identity to determine its own destiny, at least in part, through the control of its own territory
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Sovereignty
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the exercise of a state power over people and territory, recognized by other states and codified by international law
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Supranational Organization
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the collections of individual states with a common goal that may be economic and/ or political in nature, such organizations diminish, to some extent, individual state sovereignty in favor of the group interests of the membership
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Territory
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the delimited area over which a state exercises control and which is recognized by other states
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Cosmopolitanism
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an intellectual and aesthetic openness toward divergent experiences, images, and products from different cultures
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Landscape as Text
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the idea that landscapes can be read and written by groups and individuals
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Modernity
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a forward-looking view of the world that emphasizes reason, scientific rationality, creativity, novelty, and progress
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Postmodernity
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a view of the world that emphasizes an openness to a range of perspectives in social inquiry, artistic expression, and political empowerment
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Sacred Spaces
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an area recognized by individuals or groups as worthy of special attention as a site of special religious experiences or events
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Territoriality
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the specific attachment of individuals or peoples to a specific location of territory
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1652
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dutch founded a settlement in Capetown
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1806
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British take over Capetown by defeating the Dutch
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1867
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diamonds are discovered in Afrikaner's land
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1886
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Gold is discovered in Johannesburg
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1899-1902
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the Boer war; British won
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1910
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British and Afrikaners unite to create the Union of South Africa
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1912
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African National Congress is formed
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1913
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Native lands Act is passed; prohibited purchase of land by black individuals outside of their homeland
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1948
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the National party took control of South Africa under the platform of apartheid
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1960
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boycott of the pass laws in Sharpville
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June 16, 1976
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Soweto massacre; apartheid declared a crime against humanity
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1994
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Nelson Mandela wins the presidency, end of apartheid
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September 10, 2001
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UN global conference against racism held in Durban South Africa; united in ending colonialism and demanded reparations
By 2004, people were saying their economic power had deteriorated since the demise of apartheid, some preferred the days of apartheid |