Geography Test 2

Front 1

troposphere is around ___ miles above earth

Back 1

8

Front 2

stratosphere is about ___miles above earth

Back 2

35

Front 3

mesosphere is about ___miles above earth

Back 3

50

Front 4

what is the normal lapse-rate

Back 4

decrease in temperature with an increase in altitude

Front 5

in which of the temp. zones above the surface of the earth does the normal lapse rate operate

Back 5

troposphere

Front 6

what is the homosphere

Back 6

bottom three layers of atmosphere

Front 7

most important permanent gases and percentages

Back 7

nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21% and argon .1%

Front 8

most important variable gases in atmosphere

Back 8

water vapor, CO2, NO2, SO2, CH4, O3

Front 9

which gases are most important in weather/climate

Back 9

CO2 & water vapor

Front 10

where is ozone later and what does it do

Back 10

in stratosphere, blocks UV rays

Front 11

long waves are

Back 11

reflected infra-red, thermal infra-red, radar, tv/radio

Front 12

short waves are

Back 12

gamma, x, UV and visible

Front 13

what percent are visible light

Back 13

47

Front 14

what percent are gamma, x and UV

Back 14

8

Front 15

what percent are longer waves

Back 15

45

Front 16

what is solar constant

Back 16

amount of solar radiation reaching outer edge of atmosphere

Front 17

amount of energy from solar constant is

Back 17

1372 watts per square meters, or 2 calories per square centimeter per minute

Front 18

As insolation passes through atmosphere it can be...

Back 18

RATS, reflected, absorbed, transmitted, scattered

Front 19

percent absorbed by atmosphere

Back 19

69

Front 20

percent reflected by clouds

Back 20

19

Front 21

percent scattered by particles

Back 21

3

Front 22

percent reflected by the earth's surface

Back 22

9

Front 23

percent absorbed by earth's surface

Back 23

49

Front 24

what is most responsible for absorbing solar energy

Back 24

gas & dust

Front 25

what is most responsible for reflecting solar energy

Back 25

clouds

Front 26

the capacity of a surface to reflect solar energy is called

Back 26

albedo

Front 27

About ____% of the insolation reaches earth's surface

Back 27

50

Front 28

greenhouse effect

Back 28

waves absorbed by earth give out long waves that get trapped by ozone and heats the earth

Front 29

greenhouse gases most responsible for absorbing earth's radiation

Back 29

water vapor, CO2, CH4

Front 30

Latent heat

Back 30

"hidden" heat given out or taken in during a change in state.

Front 31

convection

Back 31

heating or cooling by vertical movements

Front 32

advection

Back 32

heating or cooling by horizontal movements

Front 33

conduction

Back 33

heating or cooling by direct contact

Front 34

radiation

Back 34

heating or cooling over a distance.

Front 35

___ ___ is released in the atmosphere and serves as an energy source for storms

Back 35

latent energy

Front 36

____ & ____ help to move surplus energy to areas with a deficit

Back 36

ocean and wind

Front 37

land heats up and cools down faster than water b/c

Back 37

land has a lower specific heat, it's surface is opaque, there's less evaporation than water, land has no mixing of layers.

Front 38

differences in air pressure are brought about by

Back 38

differential heating and dynamic movement

Front 39

normal sea level pressure equals

Back 39

29.92 in.

Front 40

horizontal flow of air is called

Back 40

wind

Front 41

the ____ ____ _____ moves air from high pressure to low pressure

Back 41

pressure gradient force

Front 42

if isobars are closely spaced the airflow will be ____ and air will move _____ to the isobars

Back 42

strong and fast, perpendicular

Front 43

the _____ _____ is caused by the rotation of the earth. in the N hemisphere winds deflect to the ____

Back 43

coriolis effect, right

Front 44

high pressure areas

Back 44

anticyclones

Front 45

low pressure areas

Back 45

depression

Front 46

high pressure in the N hemisphere blows winds

Back 46

down and out and clockwise

Front 47

low pressure in the N hemisphere blows winds

Back 47

up and in, counterclockwise

Front 48

low pressure is

Back 48

stormy

Front 49

high pressure is

Back 49

clear and calm

Front 50

these pressure belts are thermally induced

Back 50

equator and poles

Front 51

pressure belts that are dynamically induced

Back 51

subpolar lows, and subtropical highs

Front 52

water vapor is

Back 52

water in it's gasiest state

Front 53

specific humidity

Back 53

weight of water in a specific weight of air

Front 54

specific humidity is measured in

Back 54

g/kilogram

Front 55

relative humidity

Back 55

amount of water vapor in air compared to what it can hold

Front 56

relative humidity is measured by

Back 56

%

Front 57

dew point

Back 57

temp. at which saturation is reached

Front 58

name two ways relative hum. can be increased or decreased

Back 58

change temp. or, +/- water vapor

Front 59

condensation is

Back 59

change from vapor--->water

Front 60

dry adiabatic rate

Back 60

rate of heating/cooling moving unsaturated air

Front 61

dry adiabatic rate

Back 61

10 degrees/1000m

Front 62

wet adiabatic rate

Back 62

rate of heating/cooling moving saturated air (condensation)

Front 63

wet adiabatic rate

Back 63

6degrees/1000m

Front 64

what is precipitation

Back 64

droplets coalesce, drops become heavy and fall to ground

Front 65

3 methods of uplifting air which can lead to condensation and precipitation

Back 65

convergent/convectional, orographic, frontal