Geography Test 1

Front 1

Altitude

Back 1

the vertical elevation of an object above a surface (as sea level or land)

Front 2

Anitpodes

Back 2

the parts of the earth diametrically opposite —usually used in plural —often used of Australia and New Zealand as contrasted to the western hemisphere

Front 3

Anthropogenic

Back 3

of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature (global warming)

Front 4

Apartheid

Back 4

a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa

Front 5

Archipelago

Back 5

a group of islands

Front 6

Austral

Back 6

of or relating to the Southern hemisphere (______ Realm)

Front 7

Balkanization

Back 7

to break up (as a region or group) into smaller and often hostile units

Front 8

Butte

Back 8

an isolated hill or mountain with steep or precipitous sides usually having a smaller summit area than a mesa

Front 9

Caldera

Back 9

a volcanic crater that has a diameter many times that of the vent and is formed by collapse of the central part of a volcano or by explosions of extraordinary violence

Front 10

Cape

Back 10

a point or extension of land jutting out into water as a peninsula or as a projecting point

Front 11

Cartography

Back 11

the science or art of making maps

Front 12

Culture

Back 12

-is a shared, learned, symbolic system of values, beliefs and attitudes that shape and influence perception and behavior

Front 13

Cultural Geography

Back 13

is the study of the characteristics of people in a location, such as language, religion, ethnic/racial group(s), architecture, education, life style, food choices, clothing, etc.

Front 14

Cultural Diffusion

Back 14

the process of dissemination

Front 15

Diaspora

Back 15

the settling of scattered colonies of Jews outside Palestine after the Babylonian exile

Front 16

Estuary

Back 16

a water passage where the tide meets a river current; especially : an arm of the sea at the lower end of a river

Front 17

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

Back 17

Trade pact signed by Canada, the U.S., and Mexico in 1992, which took effect in 1994.

Front 18

E-Waste

Back 18

describes discarded electrical or electronic devices

Front 19

Favela

Back 19

a settlement of jerry-built shacks lying on the outskirts of a Brazilian city

Front 20

Globalization

Back 20

The integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign investment, capital flows, migration, and spread of technology.

Front 21

Global Warming

Back 21

is the warming of world temperatures associated with increasing Greenhouse Gas levels

Front 22

Greenhouse Effect

Back 22

warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of a planet (as Earth or Venus) that is caused by conversion of solar radiation into heat in a process involving selective transmission of short wave solar radiation by the atmosphere, its absorption by the planet's surface, and reradiation as infrared which is absorbed and partly reradiated back to the surface by atmospheric gases

Front 23

Gross National Product

Back 23

the total value of the goods and services produced by the residents of a nation during a specified period (as a year)

Front 24

GPS

Back 24

a navigational system using satellite signals to fix the location of a radio receiver on or above the earth's surface; also : the radio receiver so used

Front 25

Imerialism

Back 25

the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas

Front 26

Hinterland

Back 26

a region remote from urban areas

Front 27

International Date Line

Back 27

is an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth, that runs from the north to the south pole and demarcates one calendar day from the next

Front 28

Köppen Climate Zones

Back 28

- Group A = Tropical
– Group B = Dry (arid and semi-arid)
– Group C = Temperate/Humid Mesothermal
– Group D = Continental
– Group E = Polar

Front 29

Occident

Back 29

The countries of Europe and the Western Hemisphere.

Front 30

Orient

Back 30

The countries of Asia, especially of eastern Asia.

Front 31

Permafrost

Back 31

is permanently frozen soil, and occurs mostly in high latitudes.

Front 32

Ring of Fire

Back 32

belt of volcanoes & frequent seismic activity nearly encircling the Pacific

Front 33

Scale

Back 33

is the distance on a map compared to distance on the ground.

Front 34

Shantytown

Back 34

a usually poor town or section of a town consisting mostly of shanties

Front 35

Tropic of Cancer

Back 35

is the circle of latitude on the Earth that runs east to west and marks the most northerly position at which the Sun may appear directly overhead at its zenith

Front 36

Tundra

Back 36

is a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons

Front 37

Tropic of Capricorn

Back 37

runs east and west marks the most southerly latitude on the Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead

Front 38

United Nations

Back 38

is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. 193 members

Front 39

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Back 39

is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalise international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT),

Front 40

Taiga

Back 40

a moist subarctic forest dominated by conifers (as spruce and fir) that begins where the tundra ends

Front 41

Gentrification

Back 41

the process of renewal and rebuilding accompanying the influx of middle-class or affluent people into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents

Front 42

Landform

Back 42

a natural feature of a land surface

Front 43

Latitude

Back 43

-- Shown as horizontal lines on the globe
– The distance in degrees, minutes, and seconds of a point north or south of the equator
– North of the equator = positive numbers, South of the equator = negative.
– There are 60 minutes in each degree and 60 seconds in each minute
– Lines of _______are called parallels.

Front 44

Longitude

Back 44

- Shown as vertical lines
– Distance in degrees, minutes, and seconds of a point east or west of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich)
– West of the Prime Meridian are negative numbers. East = positive
– Lines of ______ = meridians.
– ________lines converge at the poles and are the furthest apart at the equator.

Front 45

Meridians

Back 45

lines of longitude

Front 46

Parallels

Back 46

lines of latitude

Front 47

Waste Stream-

Back 47

Aggregate flow of waste material from generation to treatment to final disposition.

Front 48

Wetland

Back 48

land or areas (as marshes or swamps) that are covered often intermittently with shallow water or have soil saturated with moisture

Front 49

Tropics

Back 49

either of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude at a distance of about 231⁄2 degrees north or south of the equator where the sun is directly overhead when it reaches its most northerly or southerly point in the sky — compare tropic of cancer, tropic of capricorn

Front 50

Pandemic

Back 50

occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population

Front 51

World Bank

Back 51

is an international financial institution that provides loans[3] to developing countries for capital programs.

Front 52

Desertification

Back 52

is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.

Front 53

Steppe

Back 53

one of the vast usually level and treeless tracts in southeastern Europe or Asia

Front 54

Sustainable Development

Back 54

refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come

Front 55

Strait

Back 55

a comparatively narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water

Front 56

Lingua Franca

Back 56

is a language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both mother tongues