Geography Of Evolution Ch 6

Front 1

Species that are endemic occur in which of these?
A. all continents
B. one limited area
C. on an island
D. cold places
E. the tropics

Back 1

B. one limited area

Front 2

Which of these similar plants occurs only in the New World?
A. stapeliads
B. aloes
C. Euphorbias
D. cacti
E. orchids

Back 2

D. cacti

Front 3

Darwin observed that most island species seemed most closely related to which of these?
A. ecologically similar animals from similar islands in distant oceans
B. species on the closest mainland
C. no particular groups
D. none of these

Back 3

B. species on the closest mainland

Front 4

Wallace’s line separates which two biogeographic realms?
A. Neotropical and Nearctic
B. Nearctic and Palearctic
C. Ethiopian and Oriental
D. Oriental and Australian
E. Oriental and Palearctic

Back 4

D. Oriental and Australian

Front 5

5. Which of these organisms has disjunct distributions with living species in eastern North America and eastern Asia?
A. tulip trees (Liriodendron)
B. alligators (Alligator)
C. skunk cabbages (Symplocarpus)
D. giant salamanders (Family Cryptobranchidae)
E. all of these

Back 5

E. all of these

Front 6

Major subdivisions of biogeographic realms are called which of these?
A. regions
B. provinces
C. states
D. disjunctions
E. plazas

Back 6

B. provinces

Front 7

Vicariance is one of two major explanations of disjunct distributions.
A. true B. false

Back 7

A. true

Front 8

Dispersal is one of two major explanations of disjunct distributions.
A. true B. false

Back 8

A. true

Front 9

The Hawaiian crickets of the Genus Laupala are quite diverse and most of the newer species occur on younger islands.
A. true B. false

Back 9

A. true

Front 10

What is the oldest island in the Hawaiian Archipelago?
A. Maui B. Molokai C. Hawaii D. Kauai E. Oahu

Back 10

D. Kauai

Front 11

11. What is the date for the formation of the oldest island in the Hawaiian Archipelago?
A. 1 MYA B. 2 MYA C. 3 MYA D. 4 MYA E. 5 MYA

Back 11

E. 5 MYA

Front 12

Which of these recently managed to cross the Atlantic Ocean on its own to establish new populations in the New World?
A. house sparrows
B. European starlings
C. Norway rats
D. cattle egrets
E. none of these

Back 12

D. cattle egrets

Front 13

Where were European starlings first released into the United States?
A. Golden Gates Park, CA
B. Central Park, NY, NY
C. Harvard Yard, Boston, MA
D. Audubon Park, New Orleans, LA
E. none of these

Back 13

B. Central Park, NY, NY

Front 14

Which assumption is not necessary in order to “explain” the distribution of Saxifraga cernua in the figure presented above?
A. The species is old enough to have been affected by glaciations.
B. During colder times the species expanded it range into a much broader range.
C. Climactic changes have limited the species to colder areas today.
D. Seeds of the species are dispersed widely by birds.
E. The species survives wherever it can reach as long as conditions are appropriate.

Back 14

D. Seeds of the species are dispersed widely by birds.

Front 15

Which of these was first to break away from the rest of Gondwana?
A. Australia
B. South America
C. Madagascar
D. Africa
E. New Zealand

Back 15

D. Africa

Front 16

Which was the last land mass to break away from Antarctica during the break-up of Gondwana?
A. Australia
B. South America
C. Madagascar
D. Africa
E. New Zealand

Back 16

B. South America

Front 17

The lemurs are primates found only on Madagascar today. What is the best hypothesis about how they came to occur there?
A. They arose there from a very early Gondwanan primate.
B. They arose in Africa, dispersed to Madagascar, and then went extinct on Africa.
C. They arose in India, dispersed to Madagascar, and then went extinct in India.
D. They arose in Asia, dispersed to Madagascar by way of India, and then went extinct outside Madagascar.
E. none of these

Back 17

B. They arose in Africa, dispersed to Madagascar, and then went extinct on Africa.

Front 18

There is evidence supporting the hypothesis of lemurs dispersing to Africa how many times?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4

Back 18

A. 0

Front 19

Distribution of daughter lineages to areas separated by continental drift is a classic example of which of these?
A. vicariance
B. dispersal
C. insanity
D. divine intervention
E. sanity

Back 19

A. vicariance

Front 20

Recreating the sequence of separations during the break-up of Gondwana using geological data instead of biological data helps us understand the history of lemurs. A. true B. false

Back 20

A. true

Front 21

Recreating the sequence of separations during the break-up of Gondwana using geological data instead of biological data helps us understand the history of chameleon.
A. true B. false

Back 21

A. true

Front 22

The above figure was presented in your textbook as coming from Raxworthy et al. 2002. According to this cladogram, Indian chameleons must be derived from ancestors in which of these?
A. Comoro Islands
B. Madagascar
C. Africa
D. Asia
E. Australia

Back 22

B. Madagascar

Front 23

According to this cladogram, African chameleons must be derived from ancestors in which of these?
A. Comoro Islands
B. Madagascar
C. India
D. Asia
E. Australia

Back 23

B. Madagascar

Front 24

According to this cladogram, all chameleons must be derived from ancestors in which of these?
A. Comoro Islands
B. Madagascar
C. Africa
D. Asia
E. Australia

Back 24

B. Madagascar

Front 25

The cladogram presented above is a direct copy of the one actually proposed by Raxworthy et al. in 2002. According to this cladogram, Indian chameleons must be derived from ancestors in which of these?
A. Comoro Islands
B. Madagascar
C. Africa
D. Asia
E. Australia

Back 25

C. Africa

Front 26

According to this cladogram, Seychelle Island chameleons must be derived from ancestors in which of these?
A. Comoro Islands
B. Madagascar
C. Africa
D. Asia
E. Australia

Back 26

B. Madagascar

Front 27

According to this cladogram, chameleons dispersed from Madagascar to Africa how many times?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

Back 27

C. 3

Front 28

The neat term describing species which arise in the area where they occur today is which of these?
A. monophyletic
B. autochthonous
C. allochthonous
D. allopatric
E. apogenetic

Back 28

B. autochthonous

Front 29

The neat term describing species which arise in some area other than where they occur today is which of these?
A. monophyletic
B. autochthonous
C. allochthonous
D. allopatric
E. apogenetic

Back 29

C. allochthonous

Front 30

The replacement (“out of Africa”) hypothesis for the origins of humans is strongly supported by almost all modern molecular analyses.
A. true B. false

Back 30

A. true

Front 31

If the multiregional hypothesis for the multiple origin of modern humans from different local populations of archaic Homo sapiens and Homo erectus were correct, we should find at least some people with mitochondria derived from Homo erectus rather than Homo sapiens.
A. true B. false

Back 31

A. true

Front 32

Analysis of complete sequences of mitochondria of people from all over the world supports a monophyletic origin for humans.
A. true B. false

Back 32

A. true

Front 33

Analysis of complete sequences of mitochondria of people from all over the world supports a polyphyletic origin for humans.
A. true B. false

Back 33

B. false

Front 34

Mitochondrion haplotypes are most diverse and most variable in which region?
A. Africa
B. Asia
C. Australia
D. Europe
E. South America

Back 34

A. Africa

Front 35

Analysis of complete sequences of mitochondria of people from all over the world supports the hypothesis that the human mitochondrion arose only once and that this origin was in Africa.
A. true B. false

Back 35

A. true

Front 36

What is the colloquial name for the animal who was the ultimate ancestor for all human mitochondria?
A. Adam B. Eve C. Shirley D. Harold E. Dr. Watson

Back 36

B. Eve

Front 37

What is the molecular clock estimate of the time when the universal ancestor for the human mitochondrion lived?
A. 100,000 YBP
B. 200,000 YBP
C. 80,000 YBP
D. 1 MYBP
E. 6000 YBP

Back 37

B. 200,000 YBP

Front 38

Similar analyses of the human Y chromosomes suggest that all human populations outside of Africa represent a strongly supported, monophyletic clade
A. true B. false

Back 38

A. true

Front 39

The Y chromosome project also came up with an estimate of a time since all human were derived from a single common ancestor. What is the colloquial name for this ancestor?
A. Adam B. Eve C. Shirley D. Harold E. Dr. Watson

Back 39

A. Adam

Front 40

Distantly related Anolis species on different Caribbean islands converge on similar morphologies associated with which niche?
A. low tree trunks
B. ground
C. tree crown
D. twigs
E. all of these

Back 40

E. all of these