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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Large Population Clusters |
Nigeria
Buriundi/Rwanda Malawai, Tanzania, Nairobi, Kenya |
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Low Population Clusters |
The Sahara Desert Desert and Semi Desert of Botswana, Namibia, Angola and western South Africa, West Central Africa between Chad and Angola |
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Population Density and Percipitation |
Determines climate of the region, how well plant life can grow, and what animals can live there |
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Population Density and Soil Fertility |
What food can grow, and how many people it can support |
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Urban Settlement in Southern, West, Central and East Africa |
Southern: 59% in cities West: 45% Central:43% East Africa: 29% |
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Primate City System (Uganda example) |
Much larger population than 2nd ranked city Kampala Uganda |
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Implications of Rapid Population growth in development planning |
Population doubles every 30 years at this rate Faster in Africa than ANYWHERE else |
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Describe 2 ways a population may grow, How does it grow in Africa? |
1) Natural Increase (Immigration) 2) Positive Net Migration (Outmigration (Leaving a place)) Africa is mostly Natural Increase -Some countries have experienced gains and losses due to refugee moements or internal migration of labor to areas of economic opportunity |
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Demographic Transition Model |
Model states that the population passes througha series of predictable stages, from an initial stage when both birth rates anddeath rates are high, to transitional stages, when first the death rate andlater the birth rate declines, to a final stage in which both birth and deathrates stabilize at a new lower level -Prior to 1990, almost all african countries in EARLY |
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Early Transition (DTM) |
Very Little Change in the 1990s |
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Accelerated Transition (DTM) |
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) Fell in 1990s |
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Interrupted Transition (DTM) |
Shift to lower Crude Birth Rates (CBR) and Crude Death Rates (CDR) stalled in the 1990s |
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Reversed Transition (DTM) |
Life expectancies declined in 1990s |
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Re-stabilized Transition (DTM) |
% of people with HIV no longer growing in 1990s |
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Demographic impacts of HIV/AIDS |
22.5 million globally (2009) 71% of global population living with HIV in SSA 1 in every 20 adults in SSA are HIV+ New cases diagnosed each year has stabalized |
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Age Structure |
Typically very YOUNG 40-50% consists of children 0-15 Less than 5% over 65 |
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Total Fertility Rate |
Expected # of children born/woman in her childbearing years (15-45) -Average of 5.4 per woman -Large Families |
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Detriments of Morality |
Poverty and unhealthy environment play a role -Malaria -Wars -Conflicts |
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Four Labor Migration Centers during colonialism |
1) Europe 2) North America 3) Australia 4) Persian Gulf |
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Push factors to migration |
War Poverty Famine |
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Pull Factors to Migration
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Jobs Peace Reliability of Life Stability |
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Brain Drain |
Large emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge -Emigration for higher education -Due to conflict, lack of opportunity, political instability or health risks |
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Evolution |
1) Australopitchecines 2) Homo Habilis 3) Homo Erectus 4) Homo Sapiens |
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4 cultural Hearths of SSA |
1) The Ethiopian Plateau 2) The West African Savannah 3) The West African Rainforest 4) The Forest-Savannah Boundary in West Central Africa |
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Pre-Colonial- East Africa |
Kush, Nubia, Coastal City States |
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Pre-Colonial- Kush |
Nile Valley in Sudan Conquered Egypt in 8th BC Stone Architecture Irrigation IRON INDUSTRY ITS OWN SCRIPT Collapsed in 300 AD |
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Pre-Colonial- Nubia |
3 christian Kingdoms in Sudanese Nile Valley in 6th Century AD until 15th Century AD -Spread of Islam Isolated them |
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Pre-Colonial- Coastal City States |
Several City-States along the E. African coast between Somalia and Mozambique -Kilwa, Lamu, Mombasa, Mogadishu -Traded with Arabs and Persians -Origin of Swahili culture |
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Pre-Colonial- West Africa |
The Ghana Mali Songhai Empire |
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Pre-Colonial- The Ghana |
In Senegal and Mali -9th Century-->12th Century Know for SALT AND GOLD trades Large URBAN CENTERS |
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Pre-Colonial- Mali |
13th Century--> 15th Controlled GOLDFIELDS and SALT DEPOSITS Universities long before Europe Scholars taught there from around the world |
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Pre-Colonial- Songhai Empire |
Early 15th--> 16th -Important trading center -Wealth based on trade of KOLA nuts, IVORY, GOLD -Very URBAN |
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Pre-Colonial-Central Africa-The Congo |
Relatively little is known -Prosperity on AGRICULTURE, METALWORK, INTERREGIONAL TRADE |
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Colonialism |
The extension of a countries sovereignty over territory beyond its borders by the establishment of either settler or exploitation colonies in which indigenous populations are directly ruled, displace or exterminated |
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Scramble for Africa |
Prior to 1880, 90% of SSA ruled by Africans in 1990, Only Liberia and Ethipoia were uncolonized |
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The Berlin Conference 1884-1885 |
European Powers negotiated their territories in Africa |
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Colonial State with Large European Settler Populations (Kenya, Rhodesia) |
Run by a small group of military and Admin. officers as an extension of European State -Restrictions placed on social and economic choices |
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Colonial State with Indirect Rule (Northern Nigeria) (British) |
Modified tradtional and political structures to suit European needs -a few Africans held an "Assimilated" status (French) |
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5 modes of Economic Activity and income generation in colonial africa |
1) Mineral Exploitation 2) Large Scale Agricultrual Production 3) Small Scale Agricultural Production 4) Supply of Labor 5) Mixed Economies |
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Colonialism transforming Africa |
Africans forced on to "Native Reserves" -Heavily Taxed -Cash groups brough higher incomes but malnutrition -Forced Labor |
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Pan Africanism |
Socio-Political world view and movement which seeks to unify native Africans and members of the Diaspora since early 20th century |
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Pan Africanism- W.E.B. Dubois |
American Civil rights activist, -Co Founded the NAACP in 1909 -Hosted Pan-African Congress in 1919 |
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Pan Africanism- Marcus Garvey |
Publisher, Black Nationlist -Founder of Universal National Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNLA-ACL) -Organized LARGEST PAN-AFRICAN movement in history |
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Struggle for Political Independence (2 ways) |
1) Protracted Armed Struggle 2) Changing Colonial Policies |
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Paths of Independence- Gold Coast |
1947 following the return of Nkrumah from US -He organized campaigns of passive resistance -Later imprisoned -Sought a more militant strategy -Full independence in 1957 |
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Paths of Independence- Cote D'ivoire |
Supported gradual transition to self-gov't -Opted fro independence in 1960 to stop any move toward a regional federation -Same president for 30 years -Conservative Advocate |
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Paths of Independence- Namivia |
Independent in 1990 -After armed struggle by SWAPO -S Africa annexed territory in 1949 implemented Apartheid -SWAPO began war in 1966 S Africa agreed to hold elections in 1989 SWAPO Won the election |
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Paths of Independence- Eritrea |
1st SSA to succeed with international recognition -Awarded to Ethiopia in 1952 -Armed struggle for independence lasted 3 decades -April 1993 set stage for independence -Went to war with Ethiopia in 1998-2000 boarders |
