Geography (General) - Y1L6

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Mathematical Geography: Description of the earth using numbers and measurements

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Universe: all of Heavenly Father and Jesus' creations

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Galaxy: a very large group of stars and all matter surrounding them

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Solar System: the sun together with the planets and matter that are held by its attraction and revolve around it

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The Earth's Motion: how the earth moves in the solar system

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Orbit: the path Earth takes around the sun; It takes one year or 365 days to orbit the sun once.

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Seasons: the four quarters into which the year is divided by a particular kind of weather; winter , spring, summer or fall; Seasons are based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun.

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Axis: a central, straight, imaginary line about which the earth rotates; One rotation equals one day, or 24 hours.

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The Earth's Surface and Measurements

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Form: shape of Earth; Earth is actually a sphere flattened along the axis from pole to pole such that there is a bulge around the equator.

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Dimension: the size of the earth

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Great Circles

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Equator: the great horizontal circle of the earth that divides the earth into two equal parts

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Hemisphere: half of a sphere or globe; one of the halves of the earth. There are four hemispheres: northern, southern, eastern, and western.

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Prime Meridian: the meridian of 0 degrees longitude from which all other longitude lines are measured

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Longitude Lines: imaginary lines equally distant from the poles. Longitude is computed from 0–180 degrees East and West of the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, England.

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Small Circles

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Parallels/Latitude Lines: imaginary horizontal lines moving by degrees north and south from the equator

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Climatic Circles/Tropics:
TROPIC OF CANCER - the latitude line that is about 23½ degrees north of the equator; the north most latitude reached by the overhead sun
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN - the latitude line that is about 23½ degrees south of the equator; the southernmost latitude reached by the overhead sun

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Polar Circles: either of the two parallels of latitude each at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to about 23 degrees

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Time Zones: a region on the earth where the same standard time is used

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International Date Line: an imaginary line near the 180th meridian marked as the place where each calendar day begins

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Poles: the ends of the axis of the earth