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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autonomous areas
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minor political subunits created in tghe former Soviet Union and designed to recognize the special status of minority groups within existing republics
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Baikal-Amur mainline (BAM) Railroad
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key central Siberian railroad connection completed in the Soviet era (1984), which links the yenisey and Amur rivers and parallels the Trans-Siberian Railroad
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Bolsheviks
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a faction within the Russian Communist movement led by Lenin that successfully took control of the country in 1917
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Centralized Economic Planning
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an economic system in which the state sets production targets and contols the means of production.
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Chernozem Soils
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a Russian term for dark, fertile soil, often associated with grassland settings in southern Russia and Ukraine.
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Cold War
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the ideological struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that was conducted between 1946 and 1991.
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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A loose political union of former Soviet republics (without the Baltic states) established in 1992 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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Cossacks
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highly mobile Slavic-speaking Christians of the southern Russian steppe whowere pivotal in expanding Russian influence in sixteenth and seventeenth-century Siberia
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Dacha
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a Russian country cottage used especially in the summer.
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Denuclearization
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the process whereby nuclear weapons are removed from an area and dismantled or taken elsewhere.
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity
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a loose confederation of self governing churches in eastern Europe and Russia that are historically linked to Byzantine traditions and to the primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople (Istanbul).
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Exclave
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a portion of a countrys terriroty that lies outside of its contiguous land area.
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Glasnost
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a policy of greater political openness initiated during the 1980s by the Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev
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Gulag Archipelago
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a collection of Soviet-era labor camps for political prisoners, made famous by writer Aleksandr Solzhentisyn
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Iron Curtain
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a term coined cy British leader Winston Churchill during the Cold War that defined the western border of Soviet power in Europe. The notorious Berlin Wall was a concrete manifestation of the Iron Curtain
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Mikrorayons
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large, state constucted urban housing projects built during the Soviet Period in the 1970s and 1980s
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Perestroika
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a program of partially implemented, planned economics reforms (or restucting) undertaken during the Gorbachev years in the Soviet Union designed to make the Soviet economy more efficient and responsive to consumer needs.
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Permafrost
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a cold climate condition in which the ground remains permanently frozen
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Podzol Soils
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a Russian term for an acidic soil of limited fertility, typically found in northern forest enviroments.
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Russification
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a policy of the Soviet Union designed to spread Russian settlers an influences to non-Russian areas of the country.
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Slavic Peoples
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a group of peoples in eastern Europe and Russia who speak Slavic languages, a distinctive branch of the Indo-European language family
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Socialist Realism
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an artistic style once popular in the Soviet Union that was associatged with realsitic depicitions of workers in their partiotic struggles against capitalism.
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Taiga
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coniferous forest zone, dominates a large portion of the Russian interior.
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Trans-Siberian Railroad
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key southern Siberian railroad connection completed during the Russian empire (1904) that links European Russia with the Russian Far East terminus of Vladivostok
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Tsars
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a Russian term (also spelled carz) for "Ceaser", or ruler; the authoritarian rulers of the Russian empire before its collapse in the 1917 revolution.
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