Geography Final Exam

Front 1

the study of the organization and distribution of political penomena and its cultural as well as spatial impact on a society.

Back 1

political geography

Front 2

what are the two types of political systems?

Back 2

authoritarianism and democracy

Front 3

type of political system that excludes the poeple from any meaningful participation of decision making.

Back 3

authoritarianism

Front 4

what type of authoritarianism is the oldest type?

Back 4

monarchies

Front 5

what is the most extreme tyoe of authoritarian regime?

Back 5

totalitarianism

Front 6

which type of authoritarianism is based on loyalty and threat of force?

Back 6

patrimonial (dictatorship)

Front 7

a political system in which poeple have a significant voice in goverment and in which their formal consent is the basis for the legitimacy of the state.

Back 7

democracy

Front 8

what are the two types of democracy?

Back 8

participatory (direct) and representative

Front 9

what are the three functions of boundaries?

Back 9

1.emotional bond
2. provide a state system
3. protection

Front 10

type of democracy where citizens are personally involved in decision making.

Back 10

participatory

Front 11

type of democracy where the citizens elect leaders who make decisions on their behalf.

Back 11

representative

Front 12

type of authoritarianism where power is based on heredity

Back 12

monarchies

Front 13

type of authoritarianism where power is vested in a bureaucratic state dominated by the military and top goverment official

Back 13

bureaucratic

Front 14

type of authoritarianism in which there is no formal limits on the extent to which the government can intervene in peoples everyday lives.

Back 14

totalitarianism.

Front 15

what are four types of boundary disputes?

Back 15

1. functional
2. resource
3. territoroal
4. positional

Front 16

boundary dispute were states disagree over policies applies to boundary of border areas.

Back 16

functional

Front 17

boundary dispute where valuable resources exist on te border of two states.

Back 17

resource

Front 18

boundary dispute where a boundary divides a group that share the same ethicity or raceal identity

Back 18

territorial

Front 19

boundary dispute where there is a disagreement between states as to what actually constitutes the boundary.

Back 19

positional

Front 20

which boundary dipute applies to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict?

Back 20

positional

Front 21

acts of violence used as political strategy

Back 21

terriorism

Front 22

what are four common tactics for terrorism?

Back 22

1. take civilian hostages
2. use of abuse, murder, kidnapping of miliary personnel
3. attack innocent civilians in countries far from their theater of operation
4. repeatedly attack embassies and other installations

Front 23

the term geographers use to represent the interdependence between geographic areas.

Back 23

spatial interaction

Front 24

what are the four ways that are condisered to be spatial interaction?

Back 24

1. the movement of people between places
2. the flow of goods from one region to another
3. the diffustion of ideas from a center of knwledge to other areas
4. the spread of a communicable disease from a group of people living in one area to thoes living in another area.

Front 25

what do the four ways considered to be spatial interaction have in common?

Back 25

some sort of flow of ditance between them.

Front 26

the decline of an activity or a function with increasing distance from its point of origin.

Back 26

distance decay

Front 27

the distance beyond which cost, effort, and/or means play an overriding role in the willingness of people to travel.

Back 27

critical distance

Front 28

how does critical distance vary? (5)

Back 28

1. age
2. mobility
3. opportunity
4. interest
5. demands

Front 29

the map-like image of the world, country, region or other area a person carries in his or her mind.

Back 29

mental map

Front 30

what are the 3 elements of a mental map?

Back 30

1. awarness that the object or destination does exsit.
2. some conception of the distances separating the starting point and the named object.
3. a feeling for the directional relationships between points.

Front 31

the area within which people move freely on their roungs of regular activity.

Back 31

activity space

Front 32

the spread of a concept, practice or substance from one area to other areas through contact and/or exchange of information.

Back 32

contagious diffusion

Front 33

in contagious diffusion, the innovation will continue to diffuse until one of what two things are done?

Back 33

barriers are met, or the area has been saturated

Front 34

the process by which contacts between people and the resulting diffusion of things or ideas occurs first among those at the same level of the hierarchy and then among elements at a lower level of the hierarchy.

Back 34

hierarchical diffusion

Front 35

the permanent relocation of both place of residence and activity space.

Back 35

migration

Front 36

what are the four ways migration is important to geography?

Back 36

1. it affects national economic structures
2. it determines population density and distribution patterns
3. it alters traditional ethnic, linguistic and religious mixtures
4. it can influence national debates and international tensions

Front 37

the relocation decision is made solely by people other than the migrants themselves.
what is the best example of this?

Back 37

forced migration; slavery

Front 38

migration that is less than fully voluntary. what is the best example of this?

Back 38

reluctant migration; war refugees

Front 39

are the great majority of migratory movements voluntary or involuntary?

Back 39

voluntary

Front 40

a characteristic of a region that contributes to the dissatisfaction of residents and impels their migrations. what is an example of this?

Back 40

push factor; jobs, overcrowding, war, famine

Front 41

a characteristic of a region that acts as an attractive force, drawing migrants from other regions. what is an example of this?

Back 41

pull factor; jobs, safety, better climate, lower taxes, more room

Front 42

what is the number one reason people migrate?

Back 42

economic opportunity

Front 43

how much does California spend alone on illegal aliens?

Back 43

3.5 billion dollars

Front 44

a california initiative passed in 1994 that would deny certain public servies to illegal aliens

Back 44

proposition 187

Front 45

what happened to proposition 187?

Back 45

was passed by the people of California but struck down as unconstitutional by the US Court of Appeals