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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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latitude
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runs N or south of the equator - parallel
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longitude
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lines join N and S poles together
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O degrees longitude
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Prime Meridian - greenwich England
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180 degrees longitude
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International Date Line - divides earth into E and W
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23.5 degrees N Lat
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Tropic of Cancer
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23.5 degrees S Lat
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Tropic of Capricorn
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The path earth travels around the sun
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Revolution
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The earth's rotation on its axis
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Rotation
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Plane of the Ecliptic
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The earth travels in a constant plane around the sun
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Inclination of the earths axis
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The imaginary earth axis that is parallel with the equator it is 66.5 degrees to the actual earths axis
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Vertical Rays of the sun
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--Sun's rays perpendicular more concentrated light
-- sun's rays at greater angle light is spread out |
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Vertical Rays 23.5 degrees N
Jun 21 |
Summer Solstice
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Vertical Rays 0 degrees
Sep 21 |
Autumn Equinox
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Vertical Rays 23.5 degrees S
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Winter Solstice
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Vertical Rays 0 degrees
March 21 |
Vernal Equinox
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Statement Scale
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EX: 1 inch to 5 miles
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Bar Scale
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Shows picture of bar 10 miles / 30 miles
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Representative Fraction
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Map distance/(over)land distance
The labels must be the same EX: inches/inches |
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Insolation
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Incoming solar radiation that hits the earth's surface
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Reflection
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ability of an object to to repel waves
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Absorption
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the ability of an abject to assimilate enoergy from waves that strike it
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Scattering
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When wavelengths are deflected.. change in direction
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Transmission
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The ability of a medium to let rays pass through
--Soil BAD --Water GOOD |
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Convection
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Vertical Movement of parcels of air
-- warm air RISES -- cold air SINKS |
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Conduction
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The movement of energy from one molecule to another
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Advection
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Heat being transfered laterally in the atmosphere
--mostly by winds |
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Radiation
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Process by which energy is emitted
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Energy Budget
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Earth absorbs 48% of sun's rays
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persistant shift of :
--warmth poleward --coldness equatorward |
Mechanisms of heat transfer
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Poleward Oceanic Circulation
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Western side of ocean basins
warm water is carried toward higher latitudes |
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Equatorward Oceanic Circulation
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Moving currents of the Eastern side of oceans - carry cool water toward lower latitudes
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Vertical temperature patterns
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Temps decrease as we move up in atmosphere
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normal lapse rate of vertical temps
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average loss of 3.6 degrees per 1000 ft
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Lines that connect certain somthings
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Isolines
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Lines connects certain temperatures
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Isoterms
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The weight of the overlying air
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Atmospheric Pressure
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Horizantal movement of air - also called advection
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WIND
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Nature's Attempt to even out the unever distribution of air pressure over the earth
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WINDS
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Causes in Direction of Wind Movement
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Pressure Gradient
Coriolis Effect Friction due to earth's surface |
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Pressure Gradient
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Air movement HIGH 2 LOW
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Coriolis Effect
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Delfection of air:
--2 the RIGHT in NH --2 the LEFT in SH |
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Geostrophic Winds
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Winds that travel parallel to isobars
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High Pressure Systems
Air is sinking and Diverging GOOD WEATHER |
Anticyclones
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Low Pressure Systems
Air is Rising and Converging CLOUDS AND PERCIPITATION |
Cyclones
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Side of mountain good for percipiation air is rising
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Windward side
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Side of mountain that is dry air is sinking
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Leeward side
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Role of Moisture in the Atmosphere
--Evaporation --Condensation --Precipitation |
Hydrologic Cycle
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Stored Heat
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Latent Heat
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Water Vapor transforming back into a liquid
--Air must be satuarated for this to occur |
Condensation
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Rate of temp as it moves into the atmosphere 3.6 degrees/ 1000 ft
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Normal Lapse Rate
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Air cools as it rises
Constant rate of 5.5 degrees/1000 ft |
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
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After condensation occurs heat is released this slows rate of cooling to 2 degrees/1000 ft
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Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate
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Radiation Fog
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Often occurs in mid lats on COLD and CLEAR nights
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Advection Fog
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Warm moist air moves over snow-covered ground or cool ocean current
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Evaporation Fog
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Addition of water vapor to cold air that is already saturated
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Requirements of an Air Mass
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--1000 miles in diameter
--several miles deep --adjacent to earths surface |
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Warm Front
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--edge of an advancing warm air mass
--Precip falls in front of |
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Cold Front
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--leading edge of cool air mass that is displacing warm air
--move fast --more intense weather and precip. |
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Stationary Front
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Niether air mass is replacing the other
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Large migratory low-pressure systems that occur in the mid-lats
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Extratropical Cyclone
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Major Occurance in the Westerlies
-Extensive migratory high-pressure cell |
Extratropical Anticyclone
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Major tropical Disturbance- low-pressure
Responsible for Hurricanes/Typhoon/Cyclone |
Tropical Cyclone
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Thunderstorms
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--Can occur with any lifting mechanism
--Always associated with with vertical air and instability |
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3 Stages of Thunderstorm Development
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1. Cumulus
2. Mature 3. Dissipation |
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Smallest of all Atmospheric Disturbances
Most Distructive |
Tornado
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This is based on observed data
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Empiric Classification
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This is based on factors that cause climate
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Genetic Classification
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Zone of Aeration
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Contains Air
Soil Water |
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Zone of Saturation
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All spaces filled with water
Ground Water-- Water Table |
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Zone of Confined Water
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Water that is separated by an impermeable rock layer
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Obliquity
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The angle between the plane of the Earth's orbit and the plane of the Earth's equator; the "tilt" of the Earth.
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Precession
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The tendency of the Earth's axis to wobble in space over a period of 23,000 years.
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Orbital Eccentricity
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The degree to which an elliptical orbit is elongated.
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Hydrosphere
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Portion of a planet that is water, including liquid water, ice, and water vapor on the surface, underground, or in the atmosphere.
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Aquiclude
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A geologic formation which may contain water but does not transmit it.
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Lithosphere
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the solid part of the Earth below the surface, including any ground water contained within it.
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Divergent Plate Boundries
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Oceanic ridges
New sea floor material is being added --Plates are moving away from each other --Earthquakes and volcanic activity |
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Convergent Plate Boundries
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--Plates meet
--On edges of ocean basins, crustal material subducted and melted --Considerable earthquakes ad volcanic activity |
