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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when modern humans emerged from Africa into eurasia around __,___ years ago they found the landscape _______ _________.
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45,000 and already inhabited
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Neanderthals were ___% genetically indentical to modern humans but had _______ distincive anatomy during 100s of thousands of years in the cold eurasian climate.
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95.5% and evolved
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some geneticists estimate that human beings evolved from non-human primates _____ to ___ million years ago
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Five to Six
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homo spaiens evolved between ______ and ______ years ago
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700,000 and 100,000
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the present “out of africa” theory states that modern humans evolved from common ancestors in Africa and spread across the world between
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195,000 and 10,000 years ago
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in the past most scholars used physical differences to classify people into various races and they devised racial categories for human beings according to such physica; characteristics as the color of the skin, the color and texture of the hair, and the shape of the eyes T/F
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T
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most physical anthropologists and biologists have not abandoned the idea of classifying human beings into biological races T/F
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F
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A ____ is a group of people who have similar genes, blood types and physical characteristics like similar hair, skin, and facial and body features.
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Race
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Today most scientists avoid classifying people into three race theory for many years scholars classified all human populations into one of three races caucasoid negoriod meaning =
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white black brown
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How many major races in the world these races isolated by oceans mountains deserts?
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9
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T/F - skin color DOES NOT vary widely within each racial group
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F
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biological concept of race is sometimes confused with the idea of
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ethnicity or nationality...people identify themselves as members of certain ethnic or national groups based on certain geographical, cultural, or religious characteristics.
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An ethnic group is a group of people who have:
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-similar customs, beliefs or languages
-Common racial or cultural characteristics or national backgrounds |
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the largest ethnic group in the US are of ______ ancestry
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GERMAN! ACHTUNG! VIE HEISSEN VIE! GUTENTAG! ACH MINE LABEN ECH ABA SCHMARTZEN!!
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central city ethnic neighborhoods are often relocated to the suburbs as:
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acculturation progresses or as ethnic groups are otherwise displaced.
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Relatively affluent suburban ethnic neighborhoods are called:
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ethnoburbs
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The three largest hispanic groups in the US are:
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Mexican american, puerto ricans and cuban americans
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As a group hispanic americans represents a mixture of several ethnic backgrounds including
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european, american indian and african.
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__ million illegal immigrants in this country
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11
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many latin americasn are “________” or people with both native america and european ancestors
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"Mestizos"
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the descendatns of europeans and africans are known as:
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"Mulattos"
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Mexico has _____ the population of spain and is the largest spanish- speaking country in the world
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twice
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Mexico has bad soil and abundant water resources for agriculture. T/F
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T
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_________ has become Mexico’s major mineral resource
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Petroleum
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Mexico is one of the most ________ cities in the world.
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Polluted
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The threat of ___________ is very great in Mexico City because it’s built on a soft spongy soil that was a lake bed in Aztec times
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Earthquakes
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_________ _________ is about power, an ever changing map revealing the struggle over borders, space, and authority”
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Political Geography
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The Earth is divided into nearly ___ independent countries or states.
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200
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______ are independent political units, with a centralized authority that makes claims to sole jurisdiction over a bounded territory.
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States
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States (same as countries) dependent areas -
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271
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Most geographers view territoriality as a learned cultural ________
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Response
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_____________ is a cultural strategy that uses power to control area and communicate that control, thereby subjugating the inhabitants and acquiring resources.
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Territoriality
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The modern territorial state emerged in 16th century ______ and ________ around the globe.
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Europe and Diffused
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A ______ _____ is created when a nation- a people of common heritage, memories, myths, homeland, and culture, speaking the same language and/or sharing a particular religious faith- achieves independence as a separate country.
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Nation State
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___________ is culturally based in the nation-state. Examples of modern nation-states include Portugal, Iceland and Japan. Each of these countries has a culturally homogenous population, with only small minority groups.
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Nationality
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Most of Iceland is _____________, and it has more than ___ Volcanoes
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Uninhabitable and 200
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Iceland has 2 kinds of availablity of power: _________ and __________
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Geothermal power and hydropower.
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Country with the highest internet use –
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Iceland - 87% surf the web at least once a week.
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_______ __________ follow some feature of the natural landscape- such as a river or mountain ridge
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Natural Boundaries
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____________ __________ are drawn on the basis of some cultural trait, usually a particular language used or religion practiced (Vatican city)
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Ethnographic boundaries
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_________ boundaries are regular, often straight lights without regard for physical or cultural features of the area (such as us with Canada)
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Geometric
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_____ boundaries are those that no longer exist as an international borders but often leave behind a trace in the local cultures (such as the west and east Germany)
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Relic
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The _________ separate India from China, and are the highest mountains in the world.
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Himalayas
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The plateau of _____ is the world’s largest plateau
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Tibet
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Because of tectonic forces, the Himalayas increase in height about a ____ ____ each year.
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half inch
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Even peaceful, un-policed border often appear vividly in the landscape: example-
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Sweden/Norway Border
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As a rule, the more compact the territory, the easier is
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National Governance
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Ideally, the most desirable shapes for a country are ________ or __________.
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Circular or Hexagonal.
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T/F No country actually enjoys this ideal degree of compactness, although some come close, such as France Portugal, and Brazil
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T
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France = __ million in population
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64
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______ has a strong military, and is a member of NATO- or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization-
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France
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______was the strongest power in Europe from 1648- 1815
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France
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France is top tourist country T/F
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T
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France is world famous for its :
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Wines and Fashion Industry
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the idea that the individual derives a significant part of his or her social identity from a sense of belonging to a nation
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Nationalism
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Nationalism always leads to violence. T/F
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F
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________________ exists where countries voluntarily give up some portion of their sovereignty to gain the advantages of a closer political, economic, and cultural association with their neighbors.
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Supernationalism
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The EU, is by far the most powerful, ambitious, and successful supranational organization in the world. It grew from a central core of six countries in the 1950s to over two dozen members today. Member countries have all sacrificed some of their sovereign powers to the EU administration, and a single monetary currency—the Euro—has been adopted by most EU member states. T/F
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T
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The UN defines "major wars" as:
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military conflicts inflicting 1,000 battlefield deaths per year.
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Today, __% or more of those killed or wounded in Wars are non-combatants
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75%
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There are now (2008) over __ armed military conflicts worldwide
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40
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Africa, more than any other continent, is afflicted by ___.
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War
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T/F Africa has been marred by more than 20 major civil wars since 1960.
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T
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T/F Food production is impossible in conflict areas, and famine often results.
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T
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Conflict prevention, mediation, humanitarian intervention and demobilization are amount the tools needed to underwrite the success of ___________ __________ _______s.
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Development assistance programs
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the relatively higher incidence of war in africa is not due to framentation of countries, but rather to high level of _______
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Poverty
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Through peacemaking, preventive diplomacy and a host of other means, the UN works to ...
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prevent and resolve deadly conflicts around the globe and to promote lasting peace in societies emerging form wars.
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“No task is more fundamental to the UN than the _________ __ ______ _______.
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prevention of deadly conflict”
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The Carter center strives to prevent war and build peace throughout the world. What are the most common types of conflicts faced by the world?
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Civil wars. In 2003, 19 major conflicts,
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_________ _________ __ ____________, is the study of the spatial and ecological aspects of population, including density, distribution fertility, gender, living standard, health, age, nutrition, mortality, and mobility.
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Population geography, or geodemography
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All these characteristics vary from one place to another.
Population of the world? |
6.6 billion
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Order of most populated countries:
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1. China 2. India 3. USA 4. Indonesia 5. Brazil
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In 1987, the world’s population exceeded __________ people
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Five billion
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In 2000, the worlds population exceeded ___ ______ people.
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Six Billion
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According to some estimates, the global population could reach or exceed ____ billion people by 2050 AD
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nine
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No country has ever lowered its birth rate without first lowering its child _____ rate
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death
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In order for birth rate to decrease, people must believe that:
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children will survive to adulthood
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The RULE OF 72
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You can figure out the doubling time of a population by using the rule of 72. To use it, take a country’s rate of annual increase, expressed as a percent, and divide it into the number 72. The result is the number of years a population growing at a given rate will take to double.
Example: For example, the natural annual growth of the US expressed as a percent in 2004 was .6%, If you divide 72 by .6, you get 120, That means that the population of the US will double every 120 years. |
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T/F Asia has 13% of the world’s land area but 55% of the world’s population. North America has 14%of the world’s land but only 6% of the world’s population
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T
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The largest number of children any women has give birth to in this century is __ children. The Guinness book of world records reports that she had five sets of triplets
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59
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In 1991, a child was fathered by a man who was __ years old.
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92
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T/F The infant mortality rate is a measure of how many children per 1000 die before reaching one year of age. Many experts believe that the infant mortality rate is the best single index of living standards because it is affected by many different factors: health, nutrition, sanitation, access to doctors, clinics, education, ability to obtain medicines, and adequacy of housing.
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T
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________ _____ is the region surrounding each person, or that are which a person considers their domain or territory.
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Personal Space
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_____ has the largest population of any country on Earth, it has over 1.3 billion
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China
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China can be divided into four general regions-
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Hi China - Tibet and Southwas
Dry - Wheat - Northeast Rice - Southeast |
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In 2008, urban population outnumbered _____ population,
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Rural
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World’s largest Mall-
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South China mall, China
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Russia is now the worlds largest coal producer, constructing midsize coal fired power plants each week. Russia recently surpassed the USA in carbon dioxide emissions. T/F
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F - China
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In 1991, a child was fathered by a man who was __ years old.
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92
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T/F The infant mortality rate is a measure of how many children per 1000 die before reaching one year of age. Many experts believe that the infant mortality rate is the best single index of living standards because it is affected by many different factors: health, nutrition, sanitation, access to doctors, clinics, education, ability to obtain medicines, and adequacy of housing.
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T
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________ _____ is the region surrounding each person, or that are which a person considers their domain or territory.
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Personal Space
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_____ has the largest population of any country on Earth, it has over 1.3 billion
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China
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China can be divided into four general regions-
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Hi China - Tibet and Southwas
Dry - Wheat - Northeast Rice - Southeast |
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In 2008, urban population outnumbered _____ population,
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Rural
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World’s largest Mall-
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South China mall, China
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Russia is now the worlds largest coal producer, constructing midsize coal fired power plants each week. Russia recently surpassed the USA in carbon dioxide emissions. T/F
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F - China
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_____ is expected to overtake the US as the world’s largest economy in ten years. _____ also has the worlds highest numbers of annual deaths trigged by air pollution
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China
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_____ now has the largest number of Internet users- 220 million- now surpassing Web surfers in the United States. Cell phones in _____ now number 432 million
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China
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Mao Zedong was
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the communist dictator of China between the 1940s and 1976. Over 30 million people died under his reign.
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In 1989, pro democracy students and demonstrators were crushed by the communist government in what has become known as the
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“Tiananmen Square Massacre”
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The 2008 ______ ________ was held August 8-24 in Beijing China. 204 nations (entities) and 11,028 athletes participated in the 302 events and 28 sports
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Summer olympics
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Since the 1970s, Communist China has practiced population control through “___ ______ ___ _____” in an attempt to relieve the pressures of over population.
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one couple, one child
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T/F Violators- those with more than one child- are subject to the fines, loss of job and old-age benefits, loss of access to better housing, and other penalties.
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T
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China’s one child policy created a generation of only children that number 90 million. The number of unmarried young men is predicted to be __ million by 2020.
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30
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Chinese communists invaded _____ in 1949 and took control of the country.
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Tibet
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Today, China is repopulating Tibet with Chinese people- making Tibetans a minority in their own land T/F
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T
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City with the Most Skyscrapers :
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Hong Kong, China
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T/F In 1997, the UK 99- year lease of Hong Kong expired, and the UK turned over control of Hong Kong to Communist China
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T
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China has promised HK can keep its capatilism for __ years
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50
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T/F China and most other world countries recognize Taiwan as a “nation”
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F
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T/F Worlds tallest building- Taiwan China, BUT NOW- DUBAI
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T
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Known as the “the worst thing on the planet” ______ is now endemic to 106 nations and threatens half the world’s population
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Malaria
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Scientists believe that the HIV AIDS virous originated in _______ in Africa, and was eventually transferred to people
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Monkeys
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Aids is devastating Africa, within another 10 years, 20% of Africas work force could be dead from AIDS, and there could be __ million orphaned children.
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40
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___________, the tilling of crops and rearing of domesticated animals to produce food, feed, drink and fiber, has been the principal enterprice of humankind through all recorded history.
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Agriculture
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Today, _________ remains by far the most important economic activity in the world, occupying most land are and employing about 40% of the population
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Agriculture
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T/F In parts of Asia and Africa, more than 75% of the labor force is devoted to agriculture. North Americans on the other hand live in an urban society and less than 2% of the population works as agriculturists.
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T
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______ is as nonagricultural as North America. Most of the rest of the world continues to live in farm villages.
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Europe
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___________ _______- just enough to support yourself and perhaps others, small farms, (poor countries)
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Subsistence Farming
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______ _______ - farms are large and use modern machinery and technology (wealthy countries)
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Commercial farming
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T/F Today, more than 6 billion rely on food grown on just 11% of the global land surface. However only 3% of the earth’s surface offers inherently fertile soil (dark and medium green areas) by 2030 8.3 billion people will walk the Earth, and farmers will have to grow 30% more grain!
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T
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___ ____________ ______- Hunting and gathering groups, relying on hunting game, fishing where possible, and gathering edible and medicinal wild plants
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Non agricultural Areas
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T/f Traditionally and for thousands of years- men were hunters and women were farmers. In fact women may have domesticated all crops
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T
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“Swidden” is an old English term meaning “______ ________” and referred to cultivating cutting down and burning trees. Also known as slash and burn agriculture
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Burned Clearing
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The growing of wheat, rice, or corn for commercial markets.
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Grain Farming
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T/F Canada is the world’s leading wheat and corn exporter!
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F - The United States
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The raising of one crop (such as wheat) over entire regions is called __________
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“monoculture”
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_______ _______ The movement and grazing of cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, in which herders move with their livestock in search of forage for the animals
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Nomadic Herding
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_________ _________: The raising and fattening of cattle and hogs.
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Livestock Fattening
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_________ ________: Ranchers have fixed places of residence and raise livestock for market on a large scale.
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Livestock Rancing
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The production of milk, butter or cheese is:
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Dairying
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Market Gardening is
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Truck Farming and transport of cultivated fruits, vegetables and vine. Many truck farmers depend on migratory seasonal farm laborers.
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_____ ___________: City dwellers produce vegetables, fruit, meat, and milk from tiny urban or suburban plots to provide most of their food and a surplus to sell.
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Urban Agriculture
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__________ __________: is a huge landholding devoted to capital-intersive, large-scale, specialized production of one tropical or subtropical crop for the global market
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Plantation agriculture
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T/F While plantation-grown export commodities can be important to national economiese, the accompanying destruction of tropical rain forests is a high ecological price to pay
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T
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Today, many poultry farmers no longer own the chickens they produce, because:
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multinational corporations do.
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What are the main reasons for hunger and starvation in the world today?
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The main reasons for hunger and starvation in the world today are poverty and poor distribution.
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In the mid to lay 1900s there was enough food to produce enough food for _____ calories person
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3000
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In the Midwest of the US, commercial grain farming is completely mechanized, and flat land permits more efficient machine operation T/F
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T
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Country that consumes the most soft drinks
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1)United States (51 gallons a year)
2) Mexico |
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World’s Largest Food Franchise
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McDonalds
Subway KFC Pizza Hut |
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In the US _____ _________ are widespread in gymnastics, dancing, cheerleading, and wrestling.
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eating disorders
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The _______ ___ spreads sleeping sickness among humans and makes raising livestock impossible in some areas of Africa.
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tsetse fly
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African Desert locust-
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In the past, large locust swarms have devastated parts of Africa (northern and southern)
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Mauritania-
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country off of west coast of Africa, recurrent droughts, locusts, sand erosion
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The Sahara desert is encroaching upon ___________ , of which 2/3 is now a desert. (refugees filling in the capital)
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Mauritania
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One in ____ Haitians is chronically malnourished (massive deforestation)
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Five
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The people of _____ cut down 95% of their forests in 60 years!
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Haiti
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_____ is the poorest and most densely populated country in the Americas
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Haiti
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As a substitute for unaffordable imported food, some desperate Haitians turn to eating cakes made of clay, salt and shortening-
T/F |
T
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