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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Geography |
the study of everything on earth |
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Perspective |
the way a person looks at something
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Cartography |
the study of maps and mapmaking |
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Meteorology |
the study of weather |
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Formal Region |
a region with one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas |
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Functional Region |
a region made up of different places that are linked together and function as a unit |
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Perceptual Region |
region that reflects human feelings and attitudes |
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Latitude |
imaginary lines in an east west direction that measure distance north and south of the equator, also called parallels |
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Longitude |
imaginary lines in a north-south direction that measure distance east and west of the prime meridian, also called meridians |
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Equator |
an imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between Earth's North Pole and South Pole, zero degrees latitude |
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Prime Meridian |
an imaginary line drawn through the North Pole to the South Pole,0 degrees longitude
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Degrees |
the unit of measure used by parallels and meridians, equal to 60 minutes or 69 miles
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Hemispheres |
halves of a sphere (in this case the earth)
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Continents |
seven large landmasses that make up the earth’s land
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Atlas |
a collection of maps in one book
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Map Projections |
different ways of presenting earth on flat maps
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Three things that affect the season you are in |
Rotation, Tilt, Revolution |
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Great-Circle Route |
the shortest route between any two places on the planet
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Summer Solstice |
June 21 |
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Winter Solstice |
December 21 |
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Compass Rose |
a directional indicator that has arrows pointing to all four principal directions
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Legend |
a key that identifies the symbols on a map and what they represent
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Contiguous |
connecting, bordering |
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Precipitation |
condensed droplets of water that fall as rain, snow sleet, or hail
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Topography |
elevation, layout, and shapes of the land
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Climate Graphs |
shows the average temperatures and precipitation in a place
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Population Pyramid |
shows the percentages of males and females by age group in a country’s population
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Rotation |
one complete spin of Earth on its axis
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Revolution |
one elliptical orbit of the earth around the sun
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Tilt |
the position of Earth’s axis in relation to the sun
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Tropic of Capricorn |
theparallel 23 ½ degrees south of the equator that is hit by the sun’s most directrays during the December solstice
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Tropic of Cancer |
the parallel 23 ½ degrees north of the equator that is hit by the sun’s most direct rays during the June solstice
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Arctic Circle |
the parallel 66 ½ degrees north of the equator beyond which no sunlight shines during the December solstice
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Antarctic Circle |
the parallel 66 ½ degrees south of the equator beyond which receives constant sunlight during the December solstice
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Tropics |
warm low-latitude areas near the equator that get a lot of solar energy
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Polar Regions |
high-latitude areas surrounding the north and south poles that get very little solar energy
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Middle Latitude |
the areas between tropics and polar regions
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Solstice |
thetime that earth’s poles tilt at their greatest angle toward or away from thesun
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Equinox |
the twice-yearly event that both of Earth’s poles are at a 90-degree angle from the sun and the direct rays of the sun strike the equator
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Atmosphere |
the envelope of gases that surrounds Earth
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Lithosphere |
Earth’s solid crust
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Hydrosphere |
allof Earths water, in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms
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Biosphere |
theart of Earth that includes all life forms
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Environment |
surroundings; including all the biological, chemical, and physical conditions that interact and affect life
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Weather |
thecondition of the atmosphere at a given time and place
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Climate |
weather conditions in a geographic region over a long period of time
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Sun and Latitude |
middle and high latitudes have distinct seasons, tropical locations with low latitudes are always warm, and polar areas are cold all year, all caused by how the sun hits those places
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Greenhouse Effect |
the process of earth’s atmosphere trapping heat energy
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Atmospheric Pressure |
the force of the air around you pushing against you
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Low Pressure Zone |
a region where atmospheric pressure is lower than the region’s surrounding environment
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High Pressure Zone |
a region where atmospheric pressure is higher than the region’s surrounding environment
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Global Wind Belts |
the way that winds move heat and cold across Earth’s surface
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Prevailing Winds |
winds that blow from the same direction most of the time
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Doldrums |
the area around the equator that has no prevailing winds
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Fronts |
when two air masses of widely different temperatures or moisture levels meet
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Ocean Currents |
currents in the ocean that move heat back and forth between Tropics and Polar Regions
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Orographic Effect |
an effect that occurs when moist air pushes against a mountain, forces air to rise, and causes precipitation
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Rain Shadow |
the dry area on a mountain on the side of a mountain facing away from the wind and precipitation
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Hurricanes/Typhoons |
the most powerful and destructive tropical cyclones (called typhoons in the west pacific ocean)
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Tornadoes |
twisting spirals of air that affect small areas but cause great destruction
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Monsoon |
the wind system where winds completely reverse direction and cause wet and dry seasons
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Arid |
dry |
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Core |
the Earth's center |
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Mantle |
the zone that has the most of Earth’s mass
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Magma |
liquid rock within Earth
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Plate Tectonics |
thetheory that explains how forces within the Earth create landforms
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Continental Drift |
theEarth’s plates moving gradually across the upper mantle
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Trench |
a deep valley made when one plate sinks below the other caused by a collision of plates
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Folds |
places where rocks have been compressed into bends |
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Faults |
places where rock masses have broken apart and moved away from each other
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Erosion |
the movement of surface material from one location to another
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Glaciers |
thick masses of ice
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Plateau |
an elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least one side
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Hydrologic Cycle |
the movement of liquid through the hydrosphere
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Surface Water |
water that collects on the surface or the ground
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Wetlands |
any landscape covered in water for at least part of the year
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Groundwater |
water found below ground
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Aquifer |
a well drilled to the depth of rock layers where groundwater is plentiful
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Deforestation |
the destruction or loss of forests
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