Geography Ch. 1

Front 1

Globalization

Back 1

The increasing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change

Front 2

Transnational firms

Back 2

Do global business through international subsidiaries, disrupt local ecosystems in their incessant search for natural resources and manufacturing sites

Front 3

Sweatshops

Back 3

Crude factories in which workers sew clothing, assemble sneakers, and perform other labor-intensive tasks for extremely low wages

Front 4

Rate of natural increase (RNI)

Back 4

Depicts the annual growth rate for a country or region as a percentage

Front 5

Total fertility rate

Back 5

A synthetic hypothetical number that measures the fertility of a statistically fictitious yet average group of women moving through their childbearing years - to predict future growth

Front 6

Population Pyramid

Back 6

The structure of a population, which includes the percentage of young and old - presented graphically

Front 7

Net Migration Rate

Back 7

Measurement of the amount of immigration and emigration

Front 8

Urbanized Population

Back 8

The percentage of a country's population living in cities

Front 9

Culture

Back 9

Learned, not innate, is shared behavior held in common by a group of people, empowering them with what could be called, for lack of a better term, a "way of life"

Front 10

Cultural Imperialism

Back 10

The active promotion of one cultural system at the expense of another

Front 11

Cultural Syncretism or Hybridization

Back 11

The most common product of cultural collision is the blending of forces to form a new, synergistic form of culture

Front 12

Lingua Franca

Back 12

When people from different cultural groups cannot communicate directly in their native languages - this is the third language to serve as a common tongue

Front 13

Universalizing Religions

Back 13

Attempt to appeal to all peoples, regardless of location or culture; these religions usually have a proselytizing or missionary program that actively seeks new converts (Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism)

Front 14

Seculariztion

Back 14

People consider themselves either nonreligious or outright atheistic

Front 15

Nation-State

Back 15

Ideally a relatively homogeneous cultural group with its own fully independent political territory

Front 16

Centrifugal Forces

Back 16

Cultural and political forces acting to weaken or divide an existing state

Front 17

Centripetal Forces

Back 17

Promote political unity and reinforce the state structure (shared sense of history, a need for military security, a coordinated economic structure, advantages of a larger political organization)

Front 18

Decolonialization

Back 18

The process of a colony's gaining control over its territory and establishing a separate, independent government

Front 19

Core-periphery Model

Back 19

The uneven distribution of economic power (U.S, Canada, western Europe, and Japan constituted the global economic core of the north, whereas most of the areas to the south made up a less-developed global periphery)

Front 20

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Back 20

The traditional measure for the size of a country's economy is the value of all final goods and services produced within its borders

Front 21

Gross National Income (GNI)

Back 21

Combining GDP with income from abroad

Front 22

Gross National Income per capita

Back 22

Divide GNI by the country's population

Front 23

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

Back 23

An adjustment that takes into account the strength or weakness of local currencies

Front 24

Human Development Index (HDI)

Back 24

Combines data on life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment, gender equity, and income