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29 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Development? |
Development is the process by which the political, social and, especially, economic structures of a country are improved for the purpose of ensuring the well-being of its populace. |
Political, social and economic. |
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GDP per capita. |
Gross domestic product. • Value of all the goods & services of a country produced per year. • Always in US $ Per capita: GDP ÷ population.
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G_ _ _ _s D_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c P_ _ _ _ _ t. |
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GDP (PPP) |
Purchasing power parity. The cost of living in some countries is less then that in other countries. Therefore PPP is used to correct the less accurate GDP per capita. The rate at which the currency of one country would have to be converted into that of another country to buy the same goods and services. |
Purchasing Power Parity. |
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What is GNP? |
Total value of all finished goods & services produced by a country in one year plus all the net income earned by that country and its population from overseas sources. |
GDP + ... |
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What is HDI? |
The human development index. |
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HDI is a composite index, what three things are measured? |
• Life expectancy. > this measures access to healthcare, food & water. • Adult literacy. > this measures access to education. • Wealth > GDP (PPP) per capita. |
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What does the HDI index measure? And what is the scale used? |
Wellbeing or quality of life. Maximum = 1 (high QOL) Minimum = 0 (low QOL) |
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Example country for HDI? |
Cuba. It has a low GDP per capita of 9900$, but a high HDI of 0.776.
• Good education access. • Good healthcare access. • Good food & water access. • Low Wealth. |
Cuba |
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Definition: Development Gap. |
The difference in affluence between richer countries and poorer countries, of the developed world. This gap increases over time. |
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Definition: Foreign Direct Investment. |
Investments by a transnational company in countries other than the home country. |
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Definition: Globalisation. |
Increasing the interconnectedness of the world's economic, cultural + political systems. |
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Definition: Newly Industrialised country. |
A country that has undergone rapid development since the beginning of the 1960s. |
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Definition: North-South Divide. |
An invisible line drawn on a map to separate the richer countries from the poorer ones. |
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Development Case-study. |
Sub-Saharan Africa. Biggest challenges: - Poverty. - High BR. - Disease. - Hunger. They lack: - roads. - teaching provisions. - healthcare. -power sources. They are unable to provide basic needs for most of the people. Widespread HIV/AIDS & frequent conflict. To develop: Foreign investment as aid or direct investment by the foreign companies. |
Sub-saharan Africa. |
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Define Human development. |
Human development isn't only about the expansion of wealth. It encompasses many other, non- materialised aspects, such as: -Freedom to live full happy lives. -have an education and safe working conditions. -Access to resources, nutrition, water and medical services. |
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Name three old methods of measuring development. |
Mao Zedong First, second and third world countries. Brandt line North/south divide Rostow's model 5 stages of economies. |
Mao Brandt Rostow |
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Define developed countries. |
High standard of living |
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Define developing countries. |
Lower stage of development |
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Define least developed countries. |
LDCs 50 in total Worlds poorest countries where infant mortality is high. |
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Define NICs & RICs. |
NIC - rapid industrialisation from the 1960s. RIC - More recently industrialised. |
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Define centrally planned economies. |
The government controls everything - North Korea. |
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Give an example of an oil rich country. |
Saudi - Arabia. |
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List the criticisms of the north- south divide. |
- fall of communism. - rise of the NICs - Australia and New Zealand are in the south. |
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Types of globalisation? |
Economic - trade between nations - the GATT -the WTO -global products. Cultural - western television Political - trade Blocs |
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What two things aren't taken into account for GNP? |
-Subsistence farmers. -informal economy. |
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Give 3 social indicators of development, with examples. |
Health - doctors/1000 Education - teacher/1000 Housing - dwelling floor space per capita. |
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What are the problems of social development? |
It lags behind economic development. Some inappropriate indicators for less developed countries. |
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List other composite indexes for measuring development. |
Physical quality of life index. International suffering index. The digital divide. |
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Define the development continuum. |
Continual process that can occur in different ways. Ranking countries by HDI is a sliding scale from most to least developed. TNCs have affected development through FDI MORE REFLECTIVE OF REALITY. |
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