Geography

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map:

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a two dimensional or flat scale model of Earth's suface or a portion of it.

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scale:

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the relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole.

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space:

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refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects.

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Connections:

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relationships among people and object across the barrier of space. c

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cartography:

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the science of mapmaking

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four problems of projection

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shape
distance
relative size
direction

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scale:

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refers to the raltionship of a feature;s size on a ma to its actual size on earth

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Land Ordinance of 1785:

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divided much of the country into a system of townships

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township

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a square sixe mile on each side (a sysem)

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principal meridian:

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north and south lines seperating townships

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base lines

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east and west line seperating townships

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GIS geographic information system

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a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data.

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remote sensing-

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acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth o from other long-distance methods is known as remote sensing

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GPS ( global positioning system)

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a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth.

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toponym:

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the name given to a place on Earth

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location-

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the position that something occupies on earth

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site:

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the physical character of a place.

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situation

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the location of a place relative to other places

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meridian

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arc drawn between the North adn south poles

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parallel

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circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to he meridians.

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longiture.

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numbering system for earth

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prime meridian

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zero degress

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latitude

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numbering system to indicate the location of a paralel

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greenwich mean time (GMT)

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the international agreement designated the time at the primemeridian

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international date line

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the place where you set the clock back a full twenty four hours

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cultural landscape

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a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, econommic features such as agricultre and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation

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regional studies

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contemporary cultural landscape

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formal region

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also called a uniform region or a homogeneous region, is an area within which everyone share in common one or more distinctive characteristics.

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functional region

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an area organized around a node or focal point.

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vernacular egion

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a place that people belive exists as part of their cultural identity.

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mental map

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inernal representation of a portion of earth's surface

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culture:

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the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a groupof people.

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cultural ecology:

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the geographic study of human-enviroment relationships

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enviromental determinism

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how the physical environment caused social development

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possibilism=

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the phsical enviroment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.

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resources:

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substance that are useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to acces, and socially acceptable to use

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polder

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a piece of land that is created by draining water

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globalization

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a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope.

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transnational corporation

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conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and prinicpal shareholder are located

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distribution

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the arrangement of a feature in space

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arithmetic density

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the total number of objects in an area, is commonly used to compare the distribution of population in different countries

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physiological density

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the number ofperson per unit of are suitable for agricultre

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agricultural density

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the numbe of farmers per unit area of farmland

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concentration

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the extent of a feture;s spread over space

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pattern

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the geometric arragement of objectsin space

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space-time compression

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describe the reduction in the time it take for something to reach another place.

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distance decay-

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contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually dissaperars

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diffusion

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the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time

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hearth

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the place form which an innovaion oiginate

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relocation diffusion

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the spread of an idea through physical movement of peole from one place to another

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hierarchail diffusion

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the spread of an idea from person or nodes of authority or pow to other persons.

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expansion diffusion

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the spread of a feature from on place to another in a snowballing process

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contagious diffusion

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the rapid, widespread dffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

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stimulus diffusion

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the psread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

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uneven development

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the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economoy.