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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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• The study of spatial variations. How and why things differ from place to place, and what events and processes determine distributions of phenomena.
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What is geography
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• 1.Where does something occur?
2.Why does it occur there? 3.How are people’s lives affected by these occurrences? |
What types of questions do geographers ask?
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• The growing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change.
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What is globalization? What are some examples of how the world is globalizing?
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About 7,015,155,480
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How many people live on earth today? (Approximately)
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demography with spatial analysis
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Population Geography
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expresses the relationship between number of inhabitants and the area they occupy.
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Population density
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something that draws people attracted to a place (jobs, weather, independence, social services)
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pull forces
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something that encourages people to leave (war, drought, disease, corruption in government, famine)
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push forces
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groups of people that help facilitate this movement of people
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networks
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• rate of natural increase (RNI)
birth rate- death rate=% -right now the RNI is about 1.2% • Total fertility Rate (TFR) Average number of children a woman will have over the course of her childbearing years. |
What are some ways that natural population growth is measured?
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The age an average person is expected to live
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What is life expectancy?
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• what defines a society; Shared set of learned meaning that are lived through the material and symbolic practices of everyday life
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What is culture?
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active promotion of one cultural system over another. Sometimes at the expense of the other. Examples: roman empire, native Americans
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Cultural imperialism
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when people intentionally hold on to traditional cultural practices and beliefs in order to defend their culture from cultural imperialism. Example: Tibet, practices handed down within Indian reservations, language
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Cultural nationalism
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at the international level, an independent political unit occupying a defined, permanently populated territory and having full sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs.*Sovereign control-government has complete control in a certain area.
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State
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a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory, bound together by a strong sense of unity arising from shared beliefs and customs.
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Nation
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a state whose territorial extent coincides with that occupied by a distinct nation or people, or, at least whose population shares a general sense of cohesion and adherence to a set of common values.
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Nation-State
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a state containing more than one nation
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Multinational state
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a single nation dispersed across and predominant in tow or more states
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Part Nation State
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a people without a state
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Stateless Nation
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• The use of resources to relieve poverty and improve the standard of living of a nation; the means by which a traditional, low-technology society is changed into a modern, high-technology society, with a corresponding increase in incomes
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What is development
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o Gross Domestic Product
- Everything that was produced within that country and all the wealth generated from that, and then they spread it out with how many live in that place o Gross National Income -GDP plus the net income from abroad |
How is economic development measured?
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• Measuring Social Development
o UN Human development Index |
How is social development measured?
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short term, day to day, or even hourly expression of atmospheric processes.
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weather
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statistical average of long term weather observations for a particular place or region
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Climate
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• Radiation coming in from the sun into the earths atmosphere
• Shorter wave radiation-The earth surface, land mass absorb some of the energy and then some is reflected back into space • Longer wave radiation-build up make the radiation hard to escape the atmosphere • Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, CFCs, Water Vapor- most abundant *The gases remain in the atmosphere for a VERY long time* |
How does the greenhouse effect work? What gases are considered greenhouse gases?
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• These are man made things.
• Greenhouse emissions- cars, factories, airplanes, power plants • Deforestation-Global carbon sinks and The carbon goes back into the atmosphere |
What are some natural and anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases?
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• New distribution of species
• Altered community composition-Type and abundance • Change in timing of ecological events • Disruption of ecosystem processes • Evolutionary Changes, genetic and extinction |
What are some general expected changes that will come from global climate change?
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• China
• United States |
What countries are the largest contributors of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere?
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reducing the emissions and activities creating the risks
o Renewable energy sources for residential and commercial needs o Developments in transportation energy o Harvesting gases from landfills |
Mitigation
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- increasing societies ability to cope with change climate conditions
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Adaptation
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• People destructing mountain top land for coal
• Consequences are lead to people becoming sick, flooding during storms. Etc. • Some people don’t like it and think it needs to stop |
What is mountaintop removal and what are some of the environmental consequences of this type of mining?
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orange, looks like rust on the bottom of a stream. It produces by when exposed coal to air and water, some of the metal inside the coal contain iron and sulfur. When they react with air and water, if can create acid and have gross reactions taking place. Nothing lives in these streams because they would die. Why is the such a bad thing in the world region? It is one of the most ecological diverse place in north America
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Acid Mine dranage
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Solid and liquid waste that is a by product of the coal mining
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Coal Slurry
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• Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico
• Northern part of the Caribbean |
What islands make up the Greater Antilles?
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• Belize, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana
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What countries make up the Rimland states?
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Haiti and deforestation – why did it happen on the hillside? The farmers went up on the hills because the wealthy government took over all of the very fertile land in the valleys for commercial agriculture so the population of the “normal” people had to find places to farm to support families and had to go further and further up into the hills. The result was the deforestation on the hillside. Effects included mudslides, and flooding.
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Deforestation in Haiti
Know the major causes How do weather phenomena like hurricanes couple with deforestation in this area to cause especially dangerous situations? |
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jaguar preserve
• When you focus conservation on a large species, you will gain protection for many different species within the certain area. (Umbrella species)- animals that aren’t really “supported” because they are less populated |
the particularly progressive programs Belize has for conservation.
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• After the coal has been found, when it hits water areas, sulfur mixes in with the water making it dirty.
• The water pollution is important because this has such the most ecological diverse population. |
What are some environmental problems experienced in urban areas in the Caribbean?
Why are water pollution issues so important here? |
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• Divergent-away from each other
• Transform- horizontally past each other • Convergent- toward one another |
Plate boundaries
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• Force that transports magma to or toward the surface of the earth
• Likely locations of volcanic activity are at hot spots and plate boundaries |
Volcanism
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• Movement that occurs along a fault or other point of weakness
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Earthquakes
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underground molten rocks
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Magma
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above the ground molten rock
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Lava
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Break or fracture in rock along which movement has taken place (often at plate boundaries)
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Fault
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the point at which the earthquake originates
o Deeper the focus, the less damage on surface |
Focus
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the point on the earth’s surfaces that lies directly above the focus
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Epicenter
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o Money a migrant sends back to family and friends in their home countries, often in case, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries
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Migration
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• Maroons
o Escaped slaves • Suriname o 6 distinct tribes o Rich and unique ritual traditions *Practicing cultural nationalism |
What is a Maroon Society? Where are some of the most well-established Maroon Societies found
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o Ruled by European elite
o Dependent on an African Labor Force |
What does Plantation America mean?
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• Mono-crop production: single commodity or crop
• Single Commodity Production • Vulnerable to global markets and preferences |
Know the colonial reasoning behind single-crop production and why that type of agricultural system can be problematic today.
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The blending of African, European, and some Amerindian cultural elements into the unique cultural systems of the Caribbean
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Creolization
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