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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Floods
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-carry more sediment
-more water -higher speeds |
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Urban Area Problem
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-increase of infermeable surfaces
-water runs off surfaces and directly into rivers |
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Erode
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Break down sediments
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Hydrolic Action
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force that moves particles
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Abrasiam
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force water moves particles and those particles move more particles
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Deposit
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rivers deposit material whenever they lose energy
*slow down *widen *decrease the depth *decrease the water |
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Youthful Streams can be found...
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typically at headwaters (low stream orders and beginning of stream systems
OR in a disturbed landscape |
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Youthful Streams are...
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*highly erosive
*down cutting *v-shaped valley *usually at top of longtitudal profile |
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Mature Streams have...
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*higher stream orders
*working on landscapes longer (appears) *erosion and deposition *valley widening *meanders |
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Old Age Streams have...
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*very wide meanders
*large order systems *farther down longlitudal profile near base level *distinct flood plain |
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Flood Plain Landforms
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-oxbow lake
-meander scar -natural leave -yazoo stream |
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Oxbow Lake
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-water filled area
-old river channel |
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Meander Scar
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-old river channel
-filled with sediment |
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Natural Leave
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-relatively higher area along river channel
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Yazoo Stream
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-tributor that runs parallel of topography (natural levy)
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Braid Stream
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has more loose sediment/alluvian than the river can carry and has lots of deposition
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Delta
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-end of profile
-stream flows into a layer body of water -lake, ocean, dorn |
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Glacier
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large mass of ice on land, floating on water, continential, alpine
*11% of earth surface |
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Glaciers consist of...
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snow first
snow accumulates compressed snow firms |
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Internal plastic deformation
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crystal of ice align glaciers one NEVER stationary they are ALWAYS flowing outwards
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Contential Glaciation
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currently Greenland and Antartica
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Why do Contential Glaciations happen?
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plate tectonics-
if the continent is at the poles there is more snow for accumalation possibilities |
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Topography
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coastal uplift, crystal buldging
(Himalayas) |
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Erosnial
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glacial striations (grooves in bedrock)
glacial polish |
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Depostion
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materials deposited
1.Glacial erratic 2.Glacial Till (material= melted water, sorts, and stratified) |
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Kettles Lakes
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small lakes formed when a block of ice left from glacier of flowing meltwater
-particularly buried in sediment -ice melts -depression left; becomes lake |
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Esker
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streambed from a meltwater river flowing the glacier
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Karne
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concial hill waterfall deposition in glacier
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Cirque Glaciers
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don't move towards valley and remain at mountain
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Milky Way
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2/3 of the way out on a spiral arms, 400 billion stars, and 100,000 light years
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Aphelion
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furthest from the sun (4th of July)
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Perihelion
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nearest to the sun (Jan 4th)
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Earth's shape
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oblate spherical, geiod
(rotates on the axis) |
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Latitude
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-measures distance North and South of equator
-lines from East to West -all parallel, always the same distance apart |
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Longtitude
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-lines go North and South
-measure distance East and West of P.M. 180 degrees in each direction they met -meeet at the Int'l date line -called meridans -are farthest apart at the equator and converge at the poles -times zones are 15 degrees longitudes |
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Inner Core
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-Iron and Nickel
-Very Hot -Very high pressure -Solid |
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Outer core
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-Iron, Nickel
-Very Hot -a little less pressure -liquid |
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Mantle
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-Mostly solid
-Nickel, Iron, Magnesium, Silica, Astheasphere -top of Mantle flows like asphault, plastic |
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Crust
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-Solid
-floats on mantle -boundary line between crust and mantle -Isostatatic Adjustment |
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Contenintal Crust
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Less dense
Silicia and aluminum 'sial' thicker than oceanic crust (5-20 miles thick) |
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Oceanic Crust
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more dense
less dense than interior layers silicia and magnesium 'sima' darker, finer structure than granite 'basalt' |
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Minerals
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single element (ex: gold, diamonds)
Compounds/groups (ex:quartz crystal) |
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Unique-chemical compound
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hardness= diamond to talc to graphite
cleavage colors luster |
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Igneous Rocks
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Molten lava/magma
(primary rocks) |
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Intrusive Igneous Rocks
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cool below surface
cool slowly bigger mineral crystals granite |
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Extrusive Igneous Rocks
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cool at surface
cooled by air cooled by water cool very quickly very little crystal structure visible fin grained basalt |
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Sedimentary Rocks
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'secondary rocks'
small particles compaction cementation (lithifacation) sandstone & limestone fossils |
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Metamorphic
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'secondary rock'
very durable very high heat and/or very high pressure gneiss -metamorphased granite |
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Rock Cycle
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Magma->Igneous->wind, water, weather->sedimentary->magma
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Contenental Drift
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old theory that continents floated on the crust
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Plate Tectonics
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all crust is made of plates
all plates move 20 plates on surface 7 large, 5 small |
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Divergence
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oceanic plates
sea floor is spreading mid-atlantic ridge |
