Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
geography
|
the study of the earth's surface and the processes that shape it, the connections between places, and the complex relationships between people and their environments
|
|
relative location
|
the position of a place in relation to another place
|
|
functional region
|
a group of places connected by movement; e.g. the region drained by the Amaxon River/tributaries
|
|
crust
|
the solid rocky surface layer of the earth
|
|
biosphere
|
the world of plants, animals, and other living things in earth's land and waters
|
|
continental drift theory
|
the idea that continents slowly shift their positions due to movement of the tectonic plates on which they ride
|
|
mechanical weathering
|
the actual breaking up or physical weakening of rock by forces such as ice and roots
|
|
glacier
|
a huge, slow-moving mass of snow and ice
|
|
megalopolis
|
very large city; a region made up of several large cities and their surrounding areas, considered to be a single urban complex
|
|
fjord
|
a narrow valley or inlet from the sea, originally carved out by an advancing glacier and filled by melting glacial ice
|
|
euro
|
the common currency used by member nations of the European Union
|
|
NAFTA
|
North American Free Trade Agreement which phased out trade barriers among the US, Canada, & Mexico
|
|
tariff
|
a tax imposed by a government on imported goods
|
|
Creole
|
the official language of Haiti
|
|
GIS
|
geographic information system; which uses computer technology to collect and analyze data about the earth's surface in order to solve geographic problems
|
|
character of a place
|
the physical and human characteristics that help to distinguish a place from other places
|
|
perceptual region
|
a group of places that is defined by people's feeling and attitudes
|
|
atmosphere
|
the layer of gases, water vapor, and other substances above the earth
|
|
continent
|
any of the 7 large landmasses of the earth's surface: africa, australia, antarctica, asia, europe, north america, south america
|
|
ring of fire
|
a ring of volcanic mountains surrounding the pacific ocean
|
|
erosion
|
the movement of weathered materials, including gravel soil and sand, usually caused by water, wind, and glaciers
|
|
moraine
|
a ridgelike mass of rock, gravel, sand, and clay carried and deposited by a glacier
|
|
province
|
a territory governed as a political division of a country
|
|
British Isles
|
Ireland and the U.K.; Ireland, Northern Ireland, England, Wales, and Scotland
|
|
Walloons
|
french-speaking belgians
|
|
new england
|
north east usa, consisting of the states Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont
|
|
secede
|
to withdraw formally from membership in a political or religious organization
|
|
gourdes
|
basic units of currency in Haiti
|
|
absolute location
|
the position on the earth in which a place can be found
|
|
perception
|
a viewpoint that is influenced by one's own culture and experiences
|
|
core
|
the earth's center, consisting of very hot metal that is dense and solid in the inner core and molten, or liquid, in the outer core
|
|
lithosphere
|
the surface features of the earth, including soil, rocks, and landforms
|
|
relief
|
the differences in elevation of the landforms in any particular area
|
|
weathering
|
the chemical or mechanical process by which rock is gradually broken down, eventually becoming soil
|
|
sediment
|
particles of soil, sand, and gravel carried and deposited by wind or water
|
|
GNP
|
gross national product; the total value of a nation's goods and services, including the output of domestic firms in foreign countries and excluding the domestic output of foreign firms
|
|
contiguous
|
connecting without a break
|
|
Aurora Borealis
|
the northern lights
|
|
United Kingdom
|
an island country of western europe, consisting of england, scotland, wales, and northern ireland
|
|
Inuit
|
a group of Eskimo people inhabiting the Arctic from northern Alaska eastward to eastern Greenland, particularly Canada
|
|
free enterprise
|
an economic system that allows individuals to own, operate, and profit from their own businesses in an open, competitive market
|
|
Taino
|
a person in the Bahamas who became extinct under Spanish colonization during the 16th century
|
|
hemisphere
|
a half of the earth; the equatore divides the northern and southern hemispheres; the prime meridian divides the east and west hemispheres
|
|
formal region
|
a group of places that have similar attributes
e.g. a political region |
|
mantle
|
a thick layer of mostly solid rock beneath the earth's crust that surrounds the earth's core
|
|
hydrosphere
|
the water contained in oceans, lakes, rivers, and under the ground
|
|
plate tectonics
|
the theory that the earth's outer shell is composed of a number of large, unanchored plates whose constant movemnt explains earthquakes and volcanic activity
|
|
acid rain
|
rain whose high concentration of chemicals, usually from industrial pollution, pollutes water, kills plant and animal life, and eats away at the surface of stone and rock; (chemical weathering)
|
|
loess
|
fine-grained, mineral-rich loam, dust or silt deposited by the wind
|
|
renaissance
|
rebirth; the revival of art, literature, and learning that took place in Europe during the 1300-1500
|
|
cultural diffusion
|
the process by which people adopt the practices of their neighbors
|
|
Great Britain
|
a country in western europe consisting of England, Scotland, and Wales
|
|
peat
|
spongy material containing waterlogged nad decaying mosses and plants, sometimes dried and used as fuel
|
|
Maritime
|
bordering on or near the sea; relating to navigation or shipping
|
|
Hispaniola
|
an island in the Caribbean Sea, divided between Haiti on the west and the Dominican Republic on the east
|
|
Quinceanera
|
a Latin American 15th birthday celebration for girls, more special than other birthdays; celebrating the girl's entry to womanhood
|
|
the _________ mountain range is found in the eastern usa
|
appalachian mountains
|
|
the ________ bay is located in canada
|
hudson bay
|
|
a _________ map shows political boundaries or distribution of political power
|
political map
|
|
US has a ______ government
|
democratic government
|
|
a province in canada trying to break away to form its own nation
|
quebec
|
|
the ______ people settled in florida, texas, and present-day southwestern usa
|
spanish peoples
|
|
the _________ is the total value of a nation's output of goods and services
|
gross national profit (GNP)
|
|
90% of canadians live within _______ miles of the us border
|
100 miles of the us border
|
|
________ is the m ost common ecosystem in canada
|
coniferous
|
|
sunbelt of the us overlaps 2 regions:
|
south & west
|
|
most important feature of ontario
|
the waterways
|
|
USA's oil is located predominately in these states
|
Alaska & Texas
|
|
Territories of Canada
|
Yukon Territories, Northwest Territories, Nunavut
|
|
Four us regions
|
South, west, midwest, northeast
|
|
Canada's newest territory is called:
|
Nunavut
|
|
major political parties in the us
|
Republicans, democrats
|
|
'breadbasket' of the US
|
midwest
|
|
alberta, manitoba, and saskatchewan areknown as the ______ provinces
|
prairie
|
|
Most Canadian immigrants come from this part of the world
|
europe
|
|
a person leaving a country to immigrate to another one is known as a
|
emigrant
|
|
a band of hills running the length of England's west coast
|
'highlands' of england
|
|
the river on which London is located
|
Thames River
|
|
France's nickname
|
the Hexagon
|
|
Italy's shape
|
a boot
|
|
Scotland is united with this country
|
England
|
|
this poet said 'england is a garden'
|
Rudyard Kipling
|
|
After WW2 this city became Germany's cultural center
|
Munich
|
|
Capital of Italy
|
Rome
|
|
number of islands in Greece
|
2,000
|
|
Iceland is producing and using _________
|
geothermal energy
|
|
the 2 countries that border Liechtenstein
|
Austria & Switzerland
|
|
southern region of Italy is known as the ___________
|
Mezzogiorne
|
|
nickname of Ireland
|
the Emerald Isle
|
|
another name for the Benelux countries
|
the Low Countries
|
|
European countries that are not part of the EU
|
Switzerland, Monaco, Andorra, Norway, San Marino, Vatican, Liechtenstein
|
|
capital of the European Union
|
Brussels, Belgium
|
|
all the countries on the Iberian Peninsula
|
Spain, Andorra, Portugal
|
|
the Nordic Nations
|
Iceland, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Sweden
|
|
the neutral countries
|
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Switzerland
|
|
the divisions of Ireland
|
Northern Ireland, the republic of Ireland
|
|
the Benelux countries
|
Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
|
|
When were Austria's borders formed?
|
After WW2
|
|
what happened in Ireland after they adopted the Euro?
|
inflation (in Ireland)
|
|
place less than 1 square mile large located in what city and country
|
Vatican City; Rome, Italy
|
|
natural resources found in USA
|
oil, coal, gold, silver, hydroelectric power, forests, iron, copper)
|
|
largest natural resource in Canada
|
timber
|
|
the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources
|
a renewable resource is a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used
|
|
this region has the fewest natural resources of the US
|
northeast
|
|
this state has the highest iron ore production in the us
|
minnesota
|
|
Canada's oldest city
|
Victoria
|
|
more than 1/2 the US african american population lives in this region
|
south
|
|
aspects of 'material' culture
|
food,clothing,music architecture,art,technollogy.sports, entertainment
|
|
this is how culture can be defined
|
the way of life that distinguishes people
|
|
in the U.S.there many diverse groups of people with distinct cultural identities. what is this called?
|
melting pot
|
|
most of the people who live in quebec identify themselves as _______
|
french (people in quebec)
|
|
the native people of the northern territories in Canada call themselves this
|
Inuit
|
|
name that means 'the people'
|
Inuit
|
|
more than half the US immigrants come from here
|
latin america
|
|
difference between immigrant and emigrant
|
immigrant enters (comes into) a country, emigrant leaves (Exits) a country
|
|
at the beginning of the 21st century, how many people in the US had been born in other countries around the world?
|
more than 28 million
|
|
the 5 great lakes
|
Superior, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, Erie
|
|
the most multi-cultural city in the world
|
Toronto
|
|
the significance of the continental divide
|
it's the boundary that separates rivers flowing in opposite directions
|
|
the characteristics that give new england its brilliant breathtaking fall colors
|
precipitation, type of soil, varieties of trees
|
|
the midwest land of the US is predominately used for this
|
farming
|
|
the growing season
|
the average number of days between the last frost of spring and the first frost of fall, more than 200 days
|
|
how many hectacres has Canada designated for national park/forest reserve land
|
600 million hectacres
|
|
order the modes of transportation first/last: steamboat, canoe, train, car, airplane
|
canoe, steamboat, train, car, airplane
|
|
why is there little economic activity in the southwestern US
|
desert climate makes farming and other activities difficult
|
|
the largest island in the british isles
|
great britain
|
|
countries that make up great britain
|
england, scotland, wales,
|
|
people of northern europe call their land Norden, meaning:
|
northlands
|
|
countries that make up the nordic nations
|
norway, sweden, finland, denmark, & iceland
|
|
northern nations are also called the nordic nations. another name?
|
scandinavia
|
|
what does the castle on Spain's coat of arms symbolize?
|
spain's history and physical characteristics
|
|
Spain is also known as a meseta. what does it mean?
|
plateau
|
|
What is the name of the tiny country on Spain's border?
|
Andorra
|
|
what are siroccos?
|
hot dry winds from northern africa that blow over spain
|
|
the countries on the iberian peninsula
|
andorra, spain, portugal
|
|
how much land does scotland occupy of the UK?
|
nearly 1/3
|
|
what two physical features that separate scotland from england?
|
cheviot hills, and tweed river
|
|
what is one key to preserving the welsh culture?
|
language
|
|
what 3 countries are part of the EU, but use their own currencies?
|
the UK, Sweden, Denmark
|
|
1/6 of ireland is covered by ________
|
peat
|
|
what event caused prices to increase sharply in Ireland?
|
Ireland adopted the Euro
|
|
why are the benelux also known as the low countries?
|
because so much of their land is low and flat
|
|
how long has luxembourg existed?
|
more than 1,000 years
|
|
what are the official languages of switzerland
|
french, german & italian
|
|
what mountain range runs from east to west along the entire northern boundary of italy
|
alps
|
|
what is the name for the world headquarters of the roman catholic church
|
vatican city
|
|
what is the northern region of Italy often called?
|
European Italy
|
|
what river drains the Paris Basin?
|
the Seine
|
|
in which region of france are the vineyards found?
|
the southwest region
|
|
what is the name of the busiest seaport in france?
|
the port of Marseille
|
|
What is the name of europe's busiest waterway?
|
the Rhine River
|
|
what is the tallest mountain peak in Greece?
|
Mount Olympus, 9,570 feet
|
|
About 3500 years ago, Crete was the center of what?
|
the Bronze Age culture
|
|
Greece was a part of which ancient empire?
|
the Roman Empire
|
|
Athens is known as the birthplace of what?
|
Western Civilization
|
|
During the industrial revolution, what was England known as?
|
the workshop of the world
|